31-2 A Worldwide Depression Postwar Europe War left every major country bankrupt Europe's last absolute rulers have been overthrown Countries use “coalition governments” Difficult to develop strong leadership/long term goals

Weimar Republic German government in 1919 Weakness: lacked strong democratic tradition Many major/minor political parties in Germany Weimar blamed for WWI losses and Treaty of Versailles

THE ECONOMY Prosperity was short lived. The collapse of the New York Stock Exchange brought the U.S. and the rest of the Industrial World into a severe economic recession resulting in a recession, unemployment, and falling of wages. The collapse was known as “The Great Depression” Great Depression response -New Deal (FDR) new President “New Deal”: new program to attempt to save the country. Geared towards relief and reform.

THE NEW DEAL RELIEF AND REFORM!! The New Deal was a program to bring relief and reform to people who were suffering the most from the Depression. Welfare relief Granted money to each state for food, clothing, and shelter. Social Security Provided help with the unemployed, old age benefits and minimum wage. Food Stamps Helped the poor provide with food.

31-3 Fascism Rises in Italy Preach Nationalism Nations must struggle to succeed Loyalty to leader Wore uniforms, had special salutes, created mass rallies

Mussolini Takes Control Fascism in Italy fueled by no gained territory after WWI Benito Mussolini promises to regain territory, revive economy, and build armed forces October 1922 30,000 fascists marched towards Rome demanding Mussolini be put in control He abolishes democracy and all political parties but fascist Jailed opponents and outlawed strikes

Hitler Rises to Power Hitler was a failed artist in Vienna. In Vienna the Jews contributed to the city’s rich cultural life and also has risen to high respected positions Hitler hated and resented this. This is when his hatred of all Jews began and he became totally Anti- Semitic. WWI part of German Army Part of group called National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI) Belief was to overthrow Treaty of Versailles restrictions German brand of Fascism known as Nazism Symbol=swastika Private military=“storm troopers” Hitler gains power and similar to Mussolini marches toward Munich but fails and gets arrested Mein Kampf (my struggle) Germans become master race Hitler states Treaty of Versailles is an outrage

Hitler Becomes Chancellor Hitler wants more than economic/political control. Complete control of German life Uses all sorts of media to spread Nazism Hatred of Jewish people became key part of Nazi- ideology Used as scapegoats for German troubles Jewish people lost rights and violence mounted November 9, 1938 Nazi mobs attack Jewish people at home, streets and destroyed buildings Known as the “Night of the Broken Glass” Started the process of the elimination of Jewish people within Germany

31-4 Japan Invades Manchuria Manchuria territory claimed by China Very rich in oil/coal 1931 Japan invades and seizes the territory Built many factories/mines First encounter for L.O.N Japanese ignore and withdraw from league Mussolini notices this and invades Ethiopia L.O.N gave in trying to keep peace within Europe

Hitler Defies Treaty of Versailles Hitler announces he will not obey the guidelines listed in the Treaty L.O.N fails again Hitler marches into Rhineland and takes control (buffer zone between Germany and France) France and G.B. urge appeasement Re-occupation of Rhineland causes 3 things Strengthen Hitler’s power Balance of power favors Germany Weak response urges Hitler to expand faster Hitler’s quick rise to power urged Mussolini to create an alliance known as Rome-Berlin Axis (G, I) Later Japan joins creating the Axis Powers (G, I, J)

Nations Try to Preserve Peace Horrors of WWI created a deep desire to avoid war U.S. follows by adopting a policy called isolationism German Reich (Empire) expands however Annex Austria France/G.B ignore pledge to protect Austria Germany later attempts to annex Czechoslovakia

Munich Conference Mussolini proposes meeting between Germany, France, G.B, and Italy in Munich, Germany on September 29, 1938 Neville Chamberlain believes peace could be restored by giving into the demands Winston Churchill disagrees and believes it is a huge mistake 6 months later Hitler takes all of Czechoslovakia Mussolini takes Albania Hitler demands Poland G.B and France turn to the Soviet Union for help Stalin bargains with Hitler creating “Non-Aggression” Pact Never attack each other WWII appears inevitable