Ocean Properties

Actual Percentages Water covers 71% of the Earth’s surface The oceans contain 97.25% of all the water on Earth 95% of the ocean is still unexplored 50% of all know species are found in the oceans 1 out of every 6 U.S. jobs is ocean related (17%) The average depth of the ocean is 3720 meters OR 12,240 feet OR 2.3 miles The deepest part of the ocean is 11033 meters OR 36,197 feet OR 6.8 miles

Actual Depths Humans can survive only 100 meters down OR 328 feet 10,911 meters is the deepest any vessel can go OR 32,808 feet OR 6.2 miles The pressure at sea level is 14.7 psi The pressure at 100 meters is 162.3 psi The pressure at 500 meters is 752.5 psi The pressure at 1000 meters is 1489.75 psi The pressure at the deepest parts of the ocean is 10339.75 psi interactive

Oceanography Oceanography: The branch of science that studies the ocean Marine plants and animals Ocean currents Tsunamis The sea floor Weather Tides

oceans The 5 major oceans Southern (Antarctic) Arctic Pacific Atlantic Indian

Where did all the water on earth come from? Formation of the oceans: 1. Comets and asteroids hitting earth brought water with them 2. Outgassing: extreme volcanism during earth’s early history released water vapor into the atmosphere origin of earth's water

Salinity why is the sea salty? Salinity: The amount of dissolved salt in a body of water Halocline: an area in the ocean where salinity changes rapidly with depth

Salinity The average salinity of freshwater is 0.05% The average salinity of the ocean is 3.5%

Ocean Salinity Increase Salinity Decrease Salinity Evaporation Ice formation Depth Volcanic activity Decrease Salinity Precipitation Ice melting Surface currents River run off

Ocean Density Pycnocline: the area in the ocean where density changes rapidly with depth Factors that affect ocean density 1. Temperature: Cold water is more dense than warm water temperature and density 2. Salinity: Water with more dissolved salts is more dense salinity and density 3. Depth: dense water sinks and pushes less dense water up

Thermocline Thermocline: an area in the ocean where temperature changes rapidly with depth

Ocean Temperature Ocean water has a wide range of temperatures Average temp = 38° F (3.5 °C) Ice Cap areas = 35° F (2 °C ) Coral Reef areas = 100°F (38°C) Freezing point = 28°F (-1.9°C ) Hydrothermal vents = 752°F (400°C )

Ocean Pressure Sea level: a measure of the average height of the oceans surface Pressure at sea level is 14.7 psi = 1 atmosphere For every 10 m down, the pressure increases by 14.7 psi (1 atm)

Ocean Pressure 10 meters down = 14.7 x 2 = 29.4 psi 20 meters down =

Ocean Pressure 50 meters down = 14.7 x 6 = 88.2 psi 100 meters down =

EDPuzzle Videos Salinity of water salinity and ocean currents what it feels like at 10,000 feet physics of pressure Mariana Trench ocean temps