GI HBV IBD LFTs Liver function tests (LFTs) Stool culture Stool guaiac test or Hemoccult test Gastric bypass or bariatric surgery Gastrointestinal endoscopy Liver biopsy Nasogastric intubation Paracentesis (abdominocentesis) MRI NG tube NPO PEG tube PEJ tube PTHC PUD Alk phos ALT, AST BE BRBPR BM CT scan EGD ERCP EUS GB GERD TPN T tube

Chapter 6 Additional Suffixes and Digestive System Terminology Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Chapter Goals Define new suffixes and use them with digestive system combining forms. List and explain laboratory tests, clinical procedures, and abbreviations common to the digestive system. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper context, such as medical reports and records.

Chapter 6 Lesson 6.1

Suffixes -ectasis, -ectasia -emesis -lysis -pepsia -phagia -plasty -ptosis -ptysis Which suffix(es) describe(s) a position? Which suffix(es) describe(s) a motion? Which suffix is used in a term that describes uncontrolled eating? Which suffixes are surgical? What is the difference between hematemesis and hemoptysis?

Suffixes (cont’d) -rrhage, -rrhagia -rrhaphy -rrhea -spasm -stasis -stenosis -tresia Which suffixes also stand alone as a word? Which suffix describes a motion? Which suffix is used in a term that describes flow or discharge?

Suffixes (cont’d) Suffixes that are also terms: emesis (emetic) lysis spasm stasis stenosis Use two of these terms in a sentence.

QUICK QUIZ: 1. Which term means difficulty in swallowing? dysphasia dysphagia dysplasia polyphagia Correct answer is B: dysphagia. (A, dysphasia means difficulty speaking; C, dysplasia means abnormal formation or development; D, polyphagia means excessive appetite.)

QUICK QUIZ: 1. Which term means difficulty in swallowing? dysphasia dysphagia dysplasia polyphagia Correct answer is B: dysphagia. (A, dysphasia means difficulty speaking; C, dysplasia means abnormal formation or development; D, polyphagia means excessive appetite.)

QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 2. Which term means to control or stop bleeding? hemostasis hematoma hemoptysis cholestasis Correct answer is A: hemostasis.

QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 2. Which term means to control or stop bleeding? hemostasis hematoma hemoptysis cholestasis Correct answer is A: hemostasis.

Combining Forms and Terminology bucc/o cec/o celi/o cheil/o chol/e cholangi/o cholecyst/o choledoch/o col/o colon/o “Col/o” is commonly combined with another form. What is it? (colorectal) What is a cholecystectomy?

Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d) jejun/o labi/o lingu/o lip/o lith/o odont/o or/o palat/o pancreat/o proct/o Using the previous suffixes, combine forms to build terms. Which combining forms are not anatomical for a specific body part? (lip/o, lith/o)

Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d) pylor/o rect/o sialaden/o splen/o steat/o stomat/o What is sialadenitis? What is steatorrhea? What is stomatitis? (Many students believe this is for stomach.)

QUICK QUIZ: 3. Which term means enlarged liver? acromegaly cardiomegaly hepatomegaly hepatitis Correct answer is C: hepatomegaly.

QUICK QUIZ: 3. Which term means enlarged liver? acromegaly cardiomegaly hepatomegaly hepatitis Correct answer is C: hepatomegaly.

Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures Liver function tests (LFTs): tests for enzymes and bilirubin in blood Stool culture: test for microorganisms in stool Stool guaiac test or Hemoccult test: test to detect blood in feces What is a screening test for colon cancer? How does it work? Describe the enzymes LFTs measure.

QUICK QUIZ: 4. Which of the following tests for the clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted (serum)? stool guaiac hemoccult stool culture LFTs Correct answer is D: LFTs—liver function tests which test for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in serum.

QUICK QUIZ: 4. Which of the following tests for the clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted (serum)? stool guaiac hemoccult stool culture LFTs Correct answer is D: LFTs—liver function tests which test for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in serum.

Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures X-rays Lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema) Upper gastrointestinal series Cholangiography Computed tomography (CT scan) Which test uses a contrast medium? In a cholangiography, how does the contrast material enter the body?

Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures (cont’d) Ultrasound Examination abdominal ultrasonography endoscopic ultrasonography Magnetic Resonance Techniques Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Which test is used to examine the gallbladder? Which test creates a scan of the liver?

Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures Other Procedures Gastric bypass or bariatric surgery: reduces stomach size Gastrointestinal endoscopy: visual examination of the GI tract Liver biopsy: removal of liver tissue Nasogastric intubation: insertion of tube through the nose into stomach Paracentesis (abdominocentesis): puncture to remove fluid from abdomen Which procedure is a visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract? Which procedure removes fluid after surgery? Which procedure is also called gastrojejunostomy? What is this an example of? (anastomosis) Which procedure is used to pump out stomach contents?

QUICK QUIZ: 5. Which procedure below is a surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen? A. laparoscopy B. laparotomy C. abdominectomy D. abdominocentesis Correct answer is D abdominocentesis—the suffix -centesis means to surgically puncture to remove fluid.

QUICK QUIZ: 5. Which procedure below is a surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen? A. laparoscopy B. laparotomy C. abdominectomy D. abdominocentesis Correct answer is D abdominocentesis—the suffix -centesis means to surgically puncture to remove fluid.

Abbreviations Alk phos: alkaline phosphatase ALT, AST: alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase BE: barium enema BRBPR: bright red blood per rectum (hematochezia) BM: bowel movement Use three of these abbreviations in sentences. Identify suffixes learned in this chapter. What is the medical term for BRBPR? (hematochezia) Which is an imaging test? Which are laboratory tests?

Abbreviations (cont’d) CT scan: computed tomography EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography EUS: endoscopic ultrasonography GB: gallbladder GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease What does tomography mean?

Abbreviations (cont’d) GI: gastrointestinal HBV: hepatitis B virus IBD: inflammatory bowel disease LFTs: liver function tests Which of these abbreviations are pathologies? What is the purpose of liver function tests?

Abbreviations (cont’d) MRI: magnetic resonance imaging NG tube: nasogastric tube NPO: nothing by mouth PEG tube: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube What is the Latin term for “nothing by mouth”?

Abbreviations (cont’d) PEJ tube: percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube PTHC: percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography PUD: peptic ulcer disease What is the difference between the PEG tube and the PEJ tube? What are the probable locations of PUD? (stomach, duodenum)

Abbreviations (cont’d) TPN: total parenteral nutrition T tube: tube placed in the biliary tract for drainage Which enzymes are tested to detect liver disease? Which term describes intravenous nutrition? What is included in the formula?

Review Suffixes (cont’d) -ase enzyme -centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid -chezia defecation; elimination of wastes -ectasia stretching; dilation; expansion -ectasis stretching; dilation; expansion -ectomy removal; excision; resection -emesis vomiting -emia blood condition -genesis producing; forming

Review Suffixes (cont’d) -graphy process of recording -iasis abnormal condition -lysis breakdown; separation; destruction; loosening -megaly enlargement -orexia appetite -pathy disease; emotion -pepsia digestion -phagia eating; swallowing

Review Suffixes (cont’d) -prandial meal -plasty surgical repair -ptosis droop; sag; prolapse; fall -ptysis spitting -rrhage bursting forth (of blood) -rrhagia bursting forth (of blood) -rrhaphy suture -rrhea flow; discharge

Review Suffixes (cont’d) -scopy visual examination -spasm sudden contraction of muscles -stasis stop; control; place -stenosis tightening; stricture -stomy new opening (to form a mouth) -tomy process of cutting -tresia opening