Aquatics Review

Unique properties of water

Water issues Scarcity Water rich vs water poor Contamination Areas Water wars Contamination Health implications

Water Numbers Earth covered by water How much Salt Fresh Ice Groundwater Surface water Out of all water on Earth: Salt – 97 % Ice – 2% Ground – 1% Surface – 0.02% 97% 3% 69% 30% 1%

Uses of water Ag Issues Methods of irrigation How can conserve Pros / cons Salinization Build up of salt from over-irrigation How can conserve Drip irrigation Hydroponics 70%

Uses of water Industry - Household - Biggest uses conserve 20% 10%

Ground water Aquifers Subsidence Wells Water tables Recharge Description issues Pros Cons Subsidence Wells Water tables Recharge Confined vs Unconfined

Surface water Flooding Vegetation Paved surfaces Runoff Erosion Deforestation Fast or slow

Surface water –issues / benefits Rivers Riparian zones Dams – What happens when we dam them Pros/cons of dams

Surface water – issues/benefits Wetlands Ecological & economic services/benefits What is happening to them Estuaries - definition

Lakes Layers Turn-over Terminal Littoral Limnetic Profundal Benthic When Benefits Terminal Definition Issues Aquatic succession pollution

Lakes - Eutrophication Productivity/nutrients/life/turbidity Oligotrophic Lakes Eutrophic Lakes - natural Cultural eutrophication Causes Problems Solutions

Ocean Layers Coastal Euphotic Aphotic Bathyal Abyssal Benthic Pelagic Where /what Plankton Nekton Benthos Decomposers

Marine ecosystems Where/ Issues / problems /services provide: Coral reefs Bleaching Algae dies Temp Sunlight Too deep High tubidity pH Mangrove forests Sea kelp & sea grass

Desalinization Why is this happening Where is it happening What are the methods Pros Cons

Fishing Tragedy of the Commons Industrial fishing methods Why is ocean hard to protect Why hard to protect ocean Human ecological footprint is expanding. Much of the damage to oceans is not visible. Many people think oceans are inexhaustible resource. Most of world’s ocean lies outside legal jurisdiction

Fishery collapse Why examples Solutions Laws (bigger on next slide)

Aquaculture Describe Help or hurt Pros cons

Ogallala Aquifer Why significant Where is it Problems

Three Gorges Dam Where Why significant Pros Cons

Aral Sea Where Why significant Issues

Lake Chad Where Why significant issues

Colorado River Where Significance issues

Florida Everglades Where Significance issues

Lake Baikal Where significance