BELL What are the benefits and drawbacks of a military conquest? Why might a ruler use diplomacy or intermarriage with an outside ruling family?
The Byzantine Empire, the Mongols, Tang and Song China Chapters 11 &12 500-1500 AD
A New Rome in a New Setting Byzantium – the Eastern half Justinian - 527 AD Regains Italy A new Caesar? Absolute Power Empire & Church Brutal Politics Often assassinated ½ died or fled
Life in the New Rome Byzantine’s own Character Share tradition; spoke Greek Legal experts Regulate complex society
Justinian Code 400 yrs. of Roman Law CODE- 5000 Roman laws DIGEST- quotes and summaries of Rome’s legal thinkers. INSTITUTES- told students how to use the laws NOVELLAE- new laws made after 534 AD
Life in the New Rome (Cont.) Rebuilding the capital Hagia Sophia Copied Rome Baths, aqueducts, law schools/courts, hospitals Preserves Greco-Roman culture
Merchants, street musicians, acrobats “Middle Way” Merchants, street musicians, acrobats Entertainment Hippodrome
Fall of the Empire Plague of Justinian 10,000 die per day Attacks Death of Justinian From East & West Bribes to hold strong Marriage alliances, bribes, military power
More Results of the Fall Empire continues to shrink By 1453 falls to Ottoman Turks
Christian Church Divides Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic Latin Pope is authority in church but not state Priests cannot marry Divorce not permitted Greek or local lingo Patriarchs and Bishops work together but emperor is final authority Priests may marry Divorce is allowed under certain conditions Icons banned
Cyrillic Alphabet Orthodox missionaries converted Slavs. New alphabet in local languages to enable the reading of Christian Bible. Where is it still used today?
Enrichment opportunity Research the Cyrillic alphabet and translate your name- 5pts on next test
Russian Empire Yaroslav the Wise- 1019- Kiev (Modern Ukraine) Marriage alliances Legal code- commerce Divided empire among his sons Bad move
Bell In your opinion, was Justinian a great leader? Why or why not? Why do you think the Justinian Code lasted so long?
Bell What makes an era a “golden Age” What Chinese invention (past or present) do you consider to be the most valuable to the world? Explain your choice
Sui and Tang China Sui- short lived- 40 years Wendi- Grand Canal 1000 miles of watery trade High death toll caused revolts
Tang Wu Zhao- Korean Empress “secondary wife” of Emperor Tang at age 13 Expansion and scholar officials High taxes to maintain empire
The Song Dynasty Restores China Unites Southern China Most populous country in world 100 million people Most advanced country Science/Technology Agriculture Trade
Chinese Advances Inventions Movable type, gunpowder, mechanical clock, paper money Rice ripening from Vietnam Ocean Trade Magnetic compass Trading colonies Chinese culture spreads Religion
Changes in Chinese Society Chinese painting Natural landscapes Social Mobility Gentry: education and civil service- not landownership Easy to move up in society
Binding the feet “lilly foot” Shows status of male Status of Women Binding the feet “lilly foot” Shows status of male
Mongol Invasions Ghengis Khan “A man's greatest work is to break his enemies, to drive them before him, to take from them all the things that have been theirs, to hear the weeping of those who cherished them."
The Mongol Empire Largest unified land empire in history China to Poland Khanates Great Khan (Mongolia/China) Chagatai (Central Asia) Ilkanate (Persia) Golden Horde (Russia)
Marco Polo Foreigners in China Silk Road merchant Brings Chinese culture to Europe Thought to be lies What else might he have brought back to Europe?
Khandate of the Golden Horde Batu- grandson made it all the way to Kiev Demanded complete obedience and massive tribute “scourge of Europe”
Russian Freedom Ivan III- The Great Prince of Moscow Challenged Mongol rule First CZAR- Caesar
The Mongol Empire Kublai Khan United all of China Yuan Dynasty Preserved Chinese government/culture Set up capital in modern day Beijing Control of Asia Greater contacts and trade Desire for Japan 150,000 warriors to Japan Typhoon and Kamikaze
End of Mongol Rule Kublai’s too ambitious Expansion conquests; humiliation Loss of lives and money Kublai dies Family fights over who should lead
Rebellion Resentment of Mongols Disease, famine, lack of money, and political corruption Legacy Other khanates slowly declined Influenced E. Europe and Asia Failed to conquer Japan Chinese culture spreads
Feudal Japan Borrowing from the Chinese Painting lifestyle Government writing Painting lifestyle Government Shinto- “way of the Gods” Respect nature Ancestor worship
The Samurai “One who serves” Hired by rival lords as bodyguards Bushido Way of the warrior Code of behavior Shoguns- military dictator generals
Southeast Asia Khmer Empire- Cambodia Angkor Wat