THE NEW WORLD

PORTUGAL Portugal was the 1st European country to venture on the Atlantic in search of spices, gold, and eventually slaves.

PORTUGAL Portugal’s main interests lay in Africa and Asia Portugal’s goal was to trade rather than colonize.

PORTUGAL They established a series of trading posts along the Atlantic coast of Africa for slaves/gold.

PORTUGAL Cabral of Portugal defeated _Muslim_/Arab merchants to established a Portuguese monopoly over trade in the Indian Ocean.

PORTUGAL Prince Henry “The Navigator” was the Prince of Portugal/ This early pioneer of exploration was famous for his ventures in the early 15th century (not a sailor).

PORTUGAL Bartholomew __Dias_: 1488 – found the southern tip of Africa, later named the _Cape of Good Hope (Storms)_ This proved ships could reach East Asia by sailing around Africa.

PORTUGAL _Vasco da Gama_: 1497 – Took 4 ships from Portugal to India.

PORTUGAL Portugal colonized present-day __Brazil_ (speak Portuguese and are generally _Catholic_).

SPAIN King _Ferdinand_ and Queen _Isabella_ united Spain by defeating the Muslim military force. Later, they sponsored _Christopher Columbus_ on his trip to the Americas.

SPAIN 1492 – sailed for Spain with 3 ships first European to set foot in the Bahamas spent 3 months exploring Hispaniola and Cuba in search of gold.

SPAIN The long-term significance of the travels of Columbus was that his voyages started a vast cultural exchange between hemispheres. Later, the name America began to appear on maps in honor of the Italian _Amerigo Vespucci_.

SPAIN The _Columbian Exchange_: A global transfer of goods, plants, animals, disease, food and technology between Eastern and Western hemispheres during the colonization of the Americas.

Pre-Columbian Distribution of Organisms with Close Ties to Humans Type of organism Old World list (what they had) New World list (what they had) Domesticated animals camel cattle donkey fowl (several species including chickens) goat horse pig rabbit sheep alpaca fowl (a few species) guinea pig racoon llama turkey Domesticated plants bananas barley beans black pepper cabbage coffee cotton (short staple "Egyptian" variety) citrus garlic hemp lettuce oats onion peach pear rice rye sugarcane turnip wheat amaranth avocado cashew chia chicle (chewing gum base) chili pepper (includes the bell pepper) cocoa cotton (long staple variety, 90% of modern cultivation) maize (corn) manioc (cassava) papaya peanut pecan pineapple potato quinoa rubber squash (incl. pumpkin) sunflower strawberry (American species used in modern hybrids) sweet potato tobacco tomato vanilla Infectious diseases bubonic plague cholera influenza malaria measles scarlet fever sleeping sickness smallpox tuberculosis typhoid yellow fever Chagas' disease[citation needed] syphilis (possibly. See the syphilis article for details) yaws yellow fever (American strains)

SPAIN European lifestyles changed significantly with the introduction of corn, tobacco, and potatoes from the Western Hemisphere diseases (like smallpox) were brought to the Western Hemisphere.