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control society’s conduct Rules and regulations made and enforced by the government to control society’s conduct

Laws

A serious crime, like rape or murder

Felony

Documents used to get a proposed law started

Bills

Type of law that concerns disputes between individuals

Civil Law

Being tried for the same crime twice

Double Jeopardy

The “Highest Law of the Land”

United States Constitution

The President can do this to a law he doesn’t like

Veto

The “Hidden Lawmakers” of the government

Administrative Agencies

The person who brings suit in a civil case

Plaintiff

national, state, and local The idea that the national, state, and local governments can all make laws

Federalism

Amendment that guarantees freedom of speech

1st

Amendment that provides for no self-incrimination

5th

This amendment says NJ can have a National Guard

2nd

The amendment that gives a right to an attorney

6th

Amendment that protects you from unreasonable search & seizure

4th

Amendment that says no excessive bail can be given

8th

Amendment that allows you to cross-examine witnesses

6th

Besides the 14th amendment, this one also provides due process of the law

5th

Amendment that makes the gov’t give you compensation for your property

5th

The part of the 5th Amendment that allows for you to know with what crime you’re being charged

Habeas Corpus Clause

Precedent set by Marbury v. Madison

Judicial Review

Why William Murray didn’t want to pray in school

He was an atheist

The right that was denied to Clarence Gideon

Right to an Attorney

right to an attorney was When Gideon’s right to an attorney was violated, this type of due process was also violated

Procedural due process

infringes on a person’s When a court determines a law infringes on a person’s rights, this type of due process is used

Substantive due process

Laws based on this type of value change the most

Social Values

The total number of members in Congress

535

List all 3 qualifications for voting

18 U.S. Citizen Resident of community where voting

This federal act provided Criminal penalties for interfering with a person’s right to vote

Voting Rights Act

Name all of the questions lawmakers should ask when making a law

Conflicts w/other laws? Reasonable/fair? Clear language? Enforceable? Conflicts w/other laws? Penalties? Effective date?

Double Jeopardy!!

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The study of law and legal philosophy

Jurisprudence

A less serious crime, like shoplifting a bag of candy

Misdemeanor

Convincing lawmakers to vote a certain way

Lobbying

Concept that the gov’t must compensate you for property they take

Eminent Domain

When a court determines the meaning of an unclear law

Legislative Intent

The person who responds to a lawsuit brought against them

Defendant

They bring suit in all criminal cases

Prosecution (the gov’t)

The most powerful branch of the U.S. gov’t

None – They’re equal

This act was declared unconstitutional in the Marbury v. Madison case

Judiciary Act of 1789

The idea that the national gov’t can only do what’s listed in the Constitution

Limited Government

Amendment that provides for no cruel or unusual punishment

8th

civil and criminal trials Amendment that gives you the right to a jury in both civil and criminal trials

7th

You have other rights besides what’s listed in the Constitution

9th

No quartering of soldiers during peace time

3rd

What rights aren’t given to the National gov’t are reserved for the states

10th

Grants Freedom of Press

1st

Allows you to petition the gov’t w/o penalty

1st

Gives you the right to protest peacefully

1st

Gives you the right to remain silent

5th

Amendment that bans torture

8th

equal protection clause of this amendment was violated The Murrays argued that the equal protection clause of this amendment was violated by the Baltimore School District

14th

conflicts with a federal Because of this clause, if a state law conflicts with a federal law, you follow the federal one

Supremacy Clause

amendments were violated when William was forced The Murrays argued that both of these amendments were violated when William was forced to say a prayer at school

1st & 14th

his Supreme Court appeal Since Gideon had no money, he submitted his Supreme Court appeal via this method

In forma pauperis

Type of writ Marbury asked the Supreme Court to deliver in Marbury v. Madison

Writ of Mandamus

Right you lose if you are convicted of a felony

Right to vote

Getting a law started by having people sign a petition

Initiative

When citizens remove an elected official from office

Recall

When voters decide on an issue and it becomes law

Referendum

In New Jersey, when can a convicted felon get his/her right to vote back?

all supervised punishment (including parole or probation) Upon completion of all supervised punishment (including parole or probation)

McMartin Preschool Abuse trial Final Jeopardy In what state did the McMartin Preschool Abuse trial take place?

California