The Community of Practices ‘‘ Concept Applied to Rice Production in the Mekong Region: Quick Conversion of Popular Rice Varieties with Emphasis on Drought, Salinity and Grain Quality Improvement’’ Cambodian Title: Improvement of Cooking Quality of a Drought Resistant Rice Variety CAR3

Introduction Rice production in Cambodia relies heavily on the rainfed lowland ecosystem, which accounts for 86%. rainfall dramatically affects the rice productivities. Drought can be recognized as a main constraint to increasing in rice production with can cause yield loss up to 50% (Ouk et al., 2001). Although, cooking quality always requite for people since the surpluses of rice production was existed since 1995 (Mak, 1999). on the above the goal is improve rice production, yield with tolerant (abiotic stress), resistant (biotic stress) and fragrance coking quality. Expectation: For increase the rice production in Cambodia with high yield and good cooking quality of drought resistant.

Objective The Cambodian study focus on improving cooking quality in the drought background rice variety using marker assist selection. Materials and methods CAR3 is considered as a drought tolerance variety, used as recipient in the cross. Phkar Rumduol (PRD), is recognize as good cooking quality rice which carry the aromatic scents, medium amylose content, low gelatinization temperature and has long gel consistency (CARDI,2000), used as donor in the scheme and MAS selection are presented in Fig 1

4 lines were selected (57, 61, 68 and 105) Fig.1. Breeding Scheme and MAS selection in improving cooking quality of a drought resistant rice variety CAR3 BC3F1 BC3F2 F1 x CAR3 BC1F1 x CAR3 BC2F1 BC2F2 MAS BC2F4 BC2F3 RF CARDI GCP Nov. 2007 May. 2008 Oct. 2008 May. 2007 BC3F3 CAR3 x PRD May, 2007 MAS, 125 BC2F4 plant, BADH, RM587, RM589 5 lines selected (21, 37, 38, 39 and 103) Nov, 2007 MAS, 94 BC3F1 plants, BADH, RM587, RM589 4 lines were selected (57, 61, 68 and 105) May, 2008 MAS, 484 BC3F2 plants, BADH, RM587, RM589 15 homozygous lines with all markers selected (16, 51, 66, 119, 150, 172, 200, 272, 279, 344, 357, 361, 377 and 442) Sep, 2008 to Feb, 2009 Screening of improvement of cooking quality of drought resistance in CARDI

table 4 : 15 homozygous PRD plants (for all markers) No DNA No Designation   BADH RM587 RM589 1 16 CIR 808-6-2-5- 57-16 2 51 57-51 3 66 57-66 4 119 57-119 5 150 57-150 6 172 CIR 808-6-2-9- 61-20 7 200 CIR 808-6-2-16- 68-27 8 209 68-36 9 272 68-99 10 279 68-106 11 344 68-171 12 357 CIR 808-19-3-3- 105-1 13 361 105-5 14 377 105-21 15 442 105-86

Cooking Quality Test Designation No Aroma GC 1 CIR 808-6-2-5- 57-16 2 84 57-51 67 3 57-66 70 4 57-119 82 5 57-150 86 6 CIR 808-6-2-9- 61-20 81 7 CIR 808-6-2-16- 68-27 85 8 68-36 80 9 68-99 10 68-106 75 11 68-171 76 12 CIR 808-19-3-3- 105-1 72 13 105-5 68 14 105-21 71 15 105-86 73 PRD   83 CAR3 61

Field screening of cooking quality of Drought Resistant, 10 lines Table 5 : Result Data Collected   Mean LSD 5% Prob CV No Trait Irrigated Drained 1 DF 89 12.09 10.36 ** 6.8 5.8 2 PH 90.19 76.85 8.54 11.78 ns 4.7 7.6 3 TN 4.43 3.82 1.60 1.06 18 13.8 4 PL 21.38 20.08 2.68 2.11 6.2 5.2 5 FG 81.54 50.06 32.96 23.83 * 20.1 23.7 6 UG 22.59 31.06 15.23 19.36 33.5 31 7 GW100 2.54 2.25 0.22 0.28 4.3 6.1 8 BM 1.26 0.64 0.45 0.25 17.9 19 9 GY 0.15 0.05697 0.03 0.02 8.6 18.4 10 DTM 119 5.1 11 LD 30.1 12 LR 5.16 3.43 33

Comment Project For this project allow me and other breeders to understand more over our knowledge that we have, such as : the modern breeding program using by MAS, provided the basic vital information for rice breeder to apply in modern breeding program. help the people that have countries bounding in the Mekong River know clearly about the rice problem especially rice production and yield relate to MAS. MAS of rice breeding, is the modern of era, it also expected that the super rice of Cambodia with good cooking quality could be developed in the near future using gene pyramiding concept. We hope so this or other project will be have training activities to build ability, new knowledge for the developing counties to cut down food securities and increase the modern technology.

Work Plan for Future Seed increase 15 homozygous lines at CARDI Field screening drought tolerance again with 15 homozygous lines in 2009 at CARDI. Field evaluation in multi-locations. Cooking quality test.

Conclusion MAS method provides high accuracy and efficiency in detecting traits of interest, Based on the polymorphism of the 3 markers (BADH, RM587 and RM589) used, 10 homozygous lines for PRD were selected The are 5 lines (1, 4, 5, 7, 9) have GC lower then PRD , 2 lines (6, 8) similar and 8 lines (2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15) worst. For the aroma have 11 lines (1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, & 15) strong aroma like PRD and 4 lines (2, 3, 5, & 6) medium. Base on the screened, - Drained: leaf drying similar CAR3 have 5 lines (2, 6, 7, 8, 10) and Grain yield that best have 4 lines (1, 2, 8, and 9). - Irrigated: best grain yield have 6 lines (1, 2, 5, 6, 7 & 10). After finished this program, we expect that the super rice of Cambodia with good cooking quality of drought resistant could be developed in the near future using gene pyramiding concept.

Acknowledgements On behalf of institute (CARDI), I wish to thanks Dr MEN Sarom and Dr OUK Makara, director of Cambodia Agriculture Research and Development Institute. Dr Apichart Vanavichit, Dr Teerayuth Toojinda and Dr Jonaliza Siangliw , Rice Genes Discovery Unit. That for giving me the opportunity to attend the training program on MAS and Sincerely thanks to all staff of RGDU. Highly appreciate to the Generation Challenge Program (GCP) and the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Thailand (BIOTEC) for supporting this training program.

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