Mobile Communications Chapter 11 : Outlook Universität Karlsruhe Institut für Telematik Mobilkommunikation SS 1998 Mobile Communications Chapter 11 : Outlook The future of mobile and wireless networks – Is it 4G? All IP? Licensed? Public? Private? Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Krüger E. Dorner / Dr. J. Schiller

Mobile and wireless services – Always Best Connected Universität Karlsruhe Institut für Telematik Mobilkommunikation SS 1998 Mobile and wireless services – Always Best Connected UMTS, GSM 115 kbit/s LAN 100 Mbit/s, WLAN 54 Mbit/s GSM 53 kbit/s Bluetooth 500 kbit/s LAN, WLAN 16 Mbit/s UMTS 2 Mbit/s GSM/EDGE 384 kbit/s, WLAN 1 Mbit/s UMTS, GSM 384 kbit/s GSM 115 kbit/s, WLAN 11 Mbit/s Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Krüger E. Dorner / Dr. J. Schiller

Wireless systems: overview of the development cordless phones wireless LAN cellular phones satellites 1980: CT0 1981: NMT 450 1982: Inmarsat-A 1983: AMPS 1984: CT1 1986: NMT 900 1987: CT1+ 1988: Inmarsat-C 1989: CT 2 1991: CDMA 1991: D-AMPS 1991: DECT 1992: GSM 1992: Inmarsat-B Inmarsat-M 199x: proprietary 1993: PDC 1997: IEEE 802.11 1994: DCS 1800 1998: Iridium 1999: 802.11b, Bluetooth 2000: GPRS 2000: IEEE 802.11a analogue 2001: IMT-2000 digital 200?: Fourth Generation (Internet based) 4G – fourth generation: when and how?

Overlay Networks - the global goal integration of heterogeneous fixed and mobile networks with varying transmission characteristics regional vertical handover metropolitan area horizontal handover campus-based in-car, in-house, personal area

Wireless access technologies Universität Karlsruhe Institut für Telematik Mobilkommunikation SS 1998 Wireless access technologies DAB GSM, TETRA 250 FDD 100 physical/ economic border EDGE UMTS relative speed [km/h] 50 TDD 5 DECT 802.11b 802.11a/g/n Bluetooth Point-to-multipoint distribution systems 10 kbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 150 Mbit/s bandwidth Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Krüger E. Dorner / Dr. J. Schiller

Key features of future mobile and wireless networks Improved radio technology and antennas smart antennas, beam forming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) space division multiplex to increase capacity, benefit from multipath software defined radios (SDR) use of different air interfaces, download new modulation/coding/... requires a lot of processing power (UMTS RF 10000 GIPS) dynamic spectrum allocation spectrum on demand results in higher overall capacity Core network convergence IP-based, quality of service, mobile IP Ad-hoc technologies spontaneous communication, power saving, redundancy Simple and open service platform intelligence at the edge, not in the network (as with IN) more service providers, not network operators only

Long Term Evolution (LTE) Initiated in 2004, focus on enhancing the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and optimizing 3GPP’s radio access architecture. Targets: Downlink 100 Mbit/s, uplink 50 Mbit/s 2007: E UTRA progressed from the feasibility study stage to the first issue of approved Technical Specifications 2008: stable for commercial implementation. Downlink: OFDM, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM Uplink: SC-FDMA, BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM Channel bandwidths between 1.25 and 20 MHz 4 x Increased Spectral Efficiency, 10 x Users Per Cell (MIMO), reduced RTT FDD and TDD supported, co-existence with earlier 3GPP standards incl. handover Core network: System Architecture Evolution (SAE), optimizing it for packet mode and in particular for the IP-Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

LTE advanced GSM – UMTS - LTE Worldwide functionality & roaming LTE advanced as candidate for IMT-advanced Worldwide functionality & roaming Compatibility of services Interworking with other radio access systems Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications (100 Mbit/s for high and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility) 3GPP will be contributing to the ITU-R towards the development of IMT-Advanced via its proposal for LTE-Advanced.

Example IP-based 4G/Next G/… network SS7 signalling server farm, gateways, proxies PSTN, CS core broadcast gateways IP-based core MSC firewall, GGSN, gateway SGSN BSC GSM router Internet access points private WLAN private WPAN RNC UMTS public WLAN

Potential problems Quality of service Today‘s Internet is best-effort Integrated services did not work out Differentiated services have to prove scalability and manageability What about the simplicity of the Internet? DoS attacks on QoS? Internet protocols are well known… …also to attackers, hackers, intruders security by obscurity does not really work, however, closed systems provide some protection Reliability, maintenance Open question if Internet technology is really cheaper as soon as high reliability (99.9999%) is required plus all features are integrated Missing charging models Charging by technical parameters (volume, time) is not reasonable Pay-per-application may make much more sense Killer application? There is no single killer application! Choice of services and (almost) seamless access to networks determine the success

Have fun with mobile communications! This is the end of the slide set – but there is so much more to say about mobile communications! Thanks for following so far and enjoy digging into the fascinating wireless and mobile world! Jochen Schiller, Berlin/Germany, 2009