FIGHT or FLIGHT  SKELETAL MUSCLE 1. _____________ 2.______________ 3.______________ usually have the formula CARBOHYDRATES often end in the suffix made up of simple building blocks called examples in foods include used in plants & animals for 2 covalently linked via a dehydration reaction yield a 1. ____________ = GLU + ___________ = FRUIT SUGAR 2.____________ = GLU + ___________ = DAIRY SUGAR 3.____________ = GLU + __________ = BREWING SUGAR the “sweetest” one is the “preferred” one by all cells is examples in foods include MANY covalently linked via dehydration reactions yield USED BY ALL CELLS FOR ATP! PRIMARILY metabolized by the: 1. _____________ 2._____________ ENERGY STORAGE STRUCTURE TOO MUCH ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF : ANIMALS PLANTS PLANTS ANIMALS found in INSECT & CRUSTACEAN SHELLS; known as: found in cell walls; also known as: 1. _____________ 2._____________ same structure released in response to the hormones: 80% of flour BRANCHED STRUCTURE 20% of flour LINEAR STRUCTURE contains the linkage: AND MADE UP OF THE SUBUNITS: contains the linkages: contains the linkage: contains the linkages: FIGHT or FLIGHT  SKELETAL MUSCLE OR HYDROLYZED BY ENZYMES PRODUCED BY RUMINANT BACTERIA! AND MAY PLAY ROLE IN DECREASING OSTEOARTHRITIS! UNDIGESTABLE TO HUMANS! LOW [GLUCOSE}  LIVER

FIGHT or FLIGHT  SKELETAL MUSCLE Glucose Fructose Galactose (CH2O)n usually have the formula CARBOHYDRATES often end in the suffix -ose made up of simple building blocks called examples in foods include Quick energy monosaccharides used in plants & animals for 2 covalently linked via a dehydration reaction yield a 1. ____________ = GLU + ___________ = FRUIT SUGAR 2.____________ = GLU + ___________ = DAIRY SUGAR 3.____________ = GLU + __________ = BREWING SUGAR the “sweetest” one is the “preferred” one by all cells is disaccharides! Sucrose Fructose examples in foods include MANY covalently linked via dehydration reactions yield Fructose Glucose Lactose Lactose USED BY ALL CELLS FOR ATP! Maltose Glucose PRIMARILY metabolized by the: POLYSACCHARIDES 1. Liver 2. Skeletal Muscle ENERGY STORAGE STRUCTURE TOO MUCH ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF : ANIMALS PLANTS PLANTS ANIMALS found in INSECT & CRUSTACEAN SHELLS; known as: found in cell walls; also known as: GLYCOGEN Type II Diabetes Cardiovascular Disease STARCH same structure released in response to the hormones: CELLULOSE 80% of flour BRANCHED STRUCTURE 20% of flour LINEAR STRUCTURE CHITIN contains the linkage: Amylopectin Amylose AND Epinephrine MADE UP OF THE SUBUNITS: contains the linkages: β 14 & H bonds contains the linkage: contains the linkages: Glucosamine FIGHT or FLIGHT  SKELETAL MUSCLE OR α 14 α 14 HYDROLYZED BY ENZYMES PRODUCED BY RUMINANT BACTERIA! Glucagon AND MAY PLAY ROLE IN DECREASING OSTEOARTHRITIS! UNDIGESTABLE TO HUMANS! α 16 LOW [GLUCOSE}  LIVER

References Biochemistry of Carbohydrates: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Book (2000) by David L. Nelson Role of Fructose in Type II Diabetes Pathogenesis: Johnson, Richard J., et al. "Sugar, uric acid, and the etiology of diabetes and obesity." Diabetes 62.10 (2013): 3307-3315. Astrid Kolderup and Birger Svihus, “Fructose Metabolism and Relation to Atherosclerosis, Type 2 Diabetes, and Obesity,” Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, vol. 2015, Article ID 823081, 12 pages, 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/823081 Role of Glucosamine on Osteoarthritis: McCarty, M. F. "Enhanced synovial production of hyaluronic acid may explain rapid clinical response to high-dose glucosamine in osteoarthritis." Medical hypotheses 50.6 (1998): 507-510.