Aim: How can we prevent malfunctions of the circulatory system?

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation CPR Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Because of the hearts location between the rigid vertebral column and rib cage, external pressure (compressions) on the chest can be used to force blood out of the heart and into circulation. You can even perform CPR on yourself - Very forceful coughs

BP= Systolic/diastolic Blood Pressure The amount of force exerted on the walls of the arteries. Measured with a STHETHOSCOPE and a SPHYGMOMANOMETER. Two Readings: Systolic: when the heart CONTRACTS Diastolic: when the heart is RELAXED BP= Systolic/diastolic Ex: 120/70

Cardiovascular disease Types Cardiovascular disease Anemia Leukemia

Cardiovascular Disease Disorders of the heart and the blood vessels. Types: High Blood Pressure Atherosclerosis Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure (hypertension) B.P. is higher than normal. CAUSES: stress, salt intake, heredity, smoking, age, weight, and diet? TREATMENT: change diet, medication, and exercise.

Atherosclerosis Arteries become narrow and inelastic because of cholesterol deposits.

Heart Disease Narrowing/blockage of coronary arteries. Cuts oxygen supply to the heart. Angina Pectoris: Chest pain due to reduced blood supply to the heart. Heat Attack: (Next Slide)

Heart Attack If damage is severe = death Blood supply to the heart (coronary arteries) is cut off completely. If damage is severe = death TREATMENT: angioplasty, aspirin, medications, bypass surgery. Blocked Artery

Statistics Coronary Artery Disease: caused 476,124 deaths in the United States in 1996 (1 of every 4.9 deaths) CAD is the single largest killer of American males and females. About every 29 seconds an American will suffer a coronary event, and about every minute someone will die from it. This year an estimated 1,100,000 Americans will have a new or recurrent heart attack. About 650,000 of these will be first attacks and 450,000 will be recurrent attacks. About one-third of the people experiencing these attacks will die of them.

More Statistics Smoking: 1 out of 5 deaths are cardiovascular diseases linked to tobacco smoking. About 40,000 non-smokers die each year from cardiovascular diseases as a result of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Cholesterol: 98.1 million American adults (51.9%) have total blood cholesterol levels of 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) and higher. While 39.4 million Americans (20%) have levels of 240 mg/dL or above. Cholesterol levels of 240 mg/dL or higher are considered high, 200 to 239 mg/dL are considered borderline-high.

Anemia Individuals do not have enough RBC’s, hemoglobin, or iron. Blood cannot transport enough oxygen to cells.

Leukemia Disease of bone marrow Uncontrollable production of nonfunctional WBC’s. A form of cancer. TREATMENT: radiation or chemotherapy.

Stroke: Occurs when a blood clot forms in an artery going to the Brain. This blocks the blood from reaching part of the brain.