Classification A. We study the diversity of life by naming and grouping organisms B. Taxonomy: The branch of biology that deals with classifying and naming organisms.

“King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti” C. Classification Systems: 1. Very early systems classified life into 2 groups: plants and animals 2. Carl Linnaeus (1700s): a) Developed a 7-component system Kingdom Phylum Yes, that’s right… Class Order Well hello…. Family Genus Species “King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti”

Coelenterata (Jellyfish) Annelida (Earthworms) Porifera (Sponges) Arthropoda (Insects) Mollusca (Snails, Clams) Nematoda (Roundworms) Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Echinodermata (Sea Stars, Urchins)

Felis domesticus b) Developed Binomial nomenclature Two-part Latin name for a species The first part indicates the organism’s genus (capitalized) The second part indicates the organism’s species (lowercase) Both words must be italicized or underlined. Man, I am one sweet Homo sapien… Felis domesticus

Pinus virginiana (Virginia pine) Didelphis virginiana (Virginia opossum)

3. Three Major Domains (before kingdom level) a) Bacteria: unicellular Prokaryotic (no nucleus) cell walls Live in diverse environments b) Archaea unicellular Prokaryotic (no nucleus) cell walls Live in extreme environments (high temp., pressure, salinity) c) Eukarya unicellular and multicellular Eukaryotic (true nucleus) some have cell walls Live in diverse environments

D. Organisms have been classified using various characteristics: 1. Structural: Shape, form, use of structures 2. Biochemical: DNA, RNA, proteins 3. Cytological: Cell structures, number of chromosomes 4. Embryological: Developmental stages

5. Evolutionary Relationships A. Phylogeny: The study of evolutionary history and relationships B. Phylogenic Tree (a.k.a. cladogram): diagram of relationships Ex. Common Ancestor Past Present Termites Roaches Mantids * As organisms evolve, they develop new traits, called derived traits, that are used to determine when lineages split (new species).

FUN COLORS E. Dichotomous (Taxonomic) Key: 1. Series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms 2. Leads the researcher to the classification (genus & species) of an “unknown” organism. FUN COLORS

1a) Teacher is female……………...………Go to 2 1b) Teacher is male……………...…………Go to 6 2a) Blonde……………………….………….Go to 3 2b) Brunette…………………….…………. Go to 4 3a) Forensics-lover…………..Channis bermudus 3b) Yearbook nerd……………………Kristis finlus 4a) Your biology teacher……..Mindis schwartzus 4b) Not your biology teacher…………..….Go to 5 5a) Very smart……………....Christinus perinellis 5b) Smartest woman alive……..Dorus deangelis 6a) Dark hair………………………………..Go to 7 6b) Light hair……………………………..…Go to 9 7a) Dot over right eye…………….Coachis painus 7b) No dot over right eye…..………………Go to 8 8a) Tree-hugging hippie……………..Stevis finkis 8b) Doesn’t hug trees…………….Jimmus abdalis 9a) Ginger……………………….Timis schwalmus 9b) Silver fox……………………..Docus rachellus