Animal Diversity - Reptiles and Mammals -

Amniote Egg Amnionic sac – protects embryo Allantois – disposal sac for embryonic waste, works with chorion in gas exchange Chorion – with membrane of the allantois exchanges O2 and CO2 with the air Yolk sac – storage and transfer of nutrients to developing embryo

Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone Jawed vertebrates - Gnathostomes - Tetrapoda - Reptilia Reptiles development of a scaly skin to prevent water loss development of the amniote egg which doesn’t have to be laid in the water

The Reptiles Testudines – turtles and tortoises

The Reptiles Testudines – turtles and tortoises -distinctive feature – shell (carapace) - made of fused dermal plates

The Reptiles Crocodilia– alligators and crocodiles

The Reptiles Squamata – lizards and snakes

The Reptiles Squamata – lizards and snakes -most modified – snakes – loss of limbs and girdles

The Reptiles Tuataras

Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone Jawed vertebrates - Gnathostomes - Tetrapoda - Aves The Birds evolved from a line of dinosaurs Major advance - flight

Bird Origins

Bird Origins

Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone Jawed vertebrates - Gnathostomes - Tetrapoda - Aves The Birds -Adaptations for flight Hollow bones Wings Feathers

Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone Jawed vertebrates - Gnathostomes - Tetrapoda - Aves The Birds -Adaptations for flight Air sacs

Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone Jawed vertebrates - Gnathostomes - Tetrapoda - Aves The Birds -Adaptations for flight Keeled sternum -for the attachment of large flight muscles

Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone Jawed vertebrates - Gnathostomes - Tetrapoda - Mammalia Mammalia - the only tetrapods with amniotic eggs and hair and milk production Three main groups Montremes - egg laying mammals 2. Marsupials - young develop in a pouch outside the mothers body 3. Eutherians (Placentals) - young stay inside the mother’s body until birth and are nourished via the placenta

Origins of Mammals Reptiles - Therapsids

Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone Mammalia Montremes - egg laying mammals Echidna Platypus

Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone Mammalia 2. Marsupials

Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone Mammalia 2. Marsupials

Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone Mammalia 2. Eutherians

Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone Mammalia 2. Eutherians Characterized by the presence of a placenta Placenta

Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone Mammalia 2. Eutherians allantois

Taxa we have looked at so far Phylum Class Order Porifera Calcarea Demospongia Hexactinellida Platyhelminthes Turbellaria (free-living) Trematoda (flukes) Cestoda (tapeworms) Mollusca Polyplacophora (chitons) Gastropoda (snails,slugs) Bivalvia (clams, oysters) Cephalopoda (octopus, squid) Annelida Oligochaeta (earthworms) Hirudinea (leeches) Polychaeta (marine worms) Arthropoda Chelicerata (spiders, mites, scorpions) Myriapoda (centipedes, millipedes) Uniramia (insects) Crustacea (crayfish, lobsters, crabs, barnacles)

Taxa we have looked at so far Phylum Class Order Echinodermata Asteroidea (Sea stars [=starfish]) Echinoidea (sea urchins, sand dollars) Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers Cephalochordata Urochordata Chordata Agnatha (jawless vertebrates) Chondrichthyes Actinopterygii (fish) Amphibia (frogs, toads, salamanders) Urodela Gymnophiona Salientia Reptilia Testudines Crocodilia Tuaratara Aves Squamata Mammalia Monotremata Marsupialia Eutheria

ALL DONE!