RADIOCOMMUNICATION TRAINNING PAD Logistic – september 2012 24 janvier 2018

General telecom politics Generalities for Security needs Good independance HF and VHF Radios BGAN Iridium ISAT Phone FACTORS Independence and Reliability Thuraya ISAT Phone VSAT – Land line – GSM phone Few or no independance 24 janvier 2018

General telecom politics $ Generalities for Operationnal needs HF and VHF Radios FACTORS Communication Cost and Reliability (in function of local quality) VSAT – Land line – GSM phone Thuraya ISAT Phone BGAN Iridium $ $ $ $ $ 24 janvier 2018

Electromagnetic wave Photon Caracteristics of a wave: Amplitude Frequency (Hz) Lenght (m) Speed (light speed) :                                                                                                            24 janvier 2018

Radio Frequencies 24 janvier 2018 18 MHz Band: 18068 - 18100 CW   18068 - 18100 CW 18100 - 18109 Digimode, CW 18109 - 18111 IBP 18111 - 18168 Phone, CW 24 janvier 2018

HF propagation 24 janvier 2018

HF Propagation depens on: Time of the day Day - higher frequencies Night – lower frequencies Hight frequencies Season Summer – higher frequencies Winter – lower frequencies Medium frequencies Solar cycle 1998 – 2002 higher frequencies 2003 – 2008 lower frequencies Low frequencies 24 janvier 2018

NVIS communication Skip zone can be reduced using NVIS (near vertical incidence skywave).0 – 500 Km But then the antennas and frequencies need to be adapted. HF dipole antennas in inversed V position close to the ground NVIS 9350 Whip antenna 24 janvier 2018

Waves transmission trough antennas The perfect antenna has the same physical length than the frequency we want to use (reception or transmission). In this case almost all the power of the transceiver is tranmited into electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic wave Transmission Reflected power If the antenna is not well choose of if there is to many obstacles, the power of the transmission is dangerously reflected into the transceiver. Electromagnetic wave Electromagnetic wave Tranmission Reflected power 24 janvier 2018

HF material Managing the relfected power DANGEROUS ! The only feed back you have : SWR meter GOOD PERFECT 24 janvier 2018

To optimize the HF transmission Antenna position Topview Sideview 24 janvier 2018

Storm Lightning protection So we need to protect the radio antennas Lightnings can go up to 300 000 volts And radio antennas are a important target. 24 janvier 2018

To optimize the HF transmission Technicaly speaking : NEVER TOUCH THE HF ANTENNA WHILE TRANSMITING ! Position your HF antennas as hight as possible (6 meters) exept for NVIS, far from any obstacle. Take great care of the connections (grease and silicone). Take great care of the cables (respect lenght, do not bend). Respect the earth connection. 24 janvier 2018

HF RADIO TEST HF Communication plan for Base 1 OBJECTIVES : 1 - To get a good knowledge of the best frequencies to use to contact a base from an other one. 2 – To be aware of the radio-communication gaps. Exemple : HF Communication plan for Base 1 To contact Capital Base 2 Mobile1 1:00 AM C B / 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM A 5:00 AM 6:00 AM … Frequence A Ww.wwww,w Khz Frenquence B Xx.xxx,x Khz Frequence C Yy.yyy,y Khz 24 janvier 2018

VHF radios 24 janvier 2018

VHF material GP340 GM340 Antenna: 16 channels 136 – 174 MHz 5 watts (Tx) 8 to 14 hours autonomy Computer programming 265 euros GM340 6 channels 136 – 174 MHz 25 Watts (Tx) Computer programming About 300 euros Antenna: As high as possible 24 janvier 2018

VHF repeater In duplex mode : one frequency to tranmit, an other one to receive. Duplex TX:155 725 KHz RX: 155 775 Khz VHF contact is similar to visual contact VHF reapeater can overcome the obstacles. Duplex TX: 155 775 Khz RX: 155 725 KHz Duplex TX: 155 775 Khz RX: 155 725 KHz In simplex mode : the same frequency to tranmit and to receive. Simplex TX-RX:155 250 KHz Simplex TX-RX:155 250 KHz 24 janvier 2018

- + ++ +++ VHF RADIOTESTS If the coverage is not sufficient (< green zone for ex), => IMPROVE THE COVERAGE Material Power Altitude Range VHF Handset VHF Mobile VHF Base VHF Repeater 5 watts 25 Watts 25 Watts 25 Watts About 2 meters About 3 meters About 6 meters About 20 meters - + ++ +++ 24 janvier 2018

Assessment and improvement of radiocom if needed On the mission Better efficiency Better safety (Capitalization) Local Radio Supplier Material test Practical technical support HF and VHF installation Assessment and improvement of radiocom if needed Logistic IT – Paris Technical specifications General technical support Communication plan, advices… Field radiocom situation 24 janvier 2018

ANNEXES 24 janvier 2018

HF Electromagnetic properties Wavelength (m) = 300 (million meters per second) / Frequency (Mhz) As a reminder : Wavelengh (meters) x Frequency (MHz) = 300 To know the lengh of the frequency 12 Mhz : 300/ 12 Mhz = 2.5 meters To know the frequency of the wavelenght 10 meters : 300/10 = 30 MHz :                                                                                                            24 janvier 2018

Transceiver (Transmiter – receiver) HF material Transceiver (Transmiter – receiver) Human voice : 300 to 3500 Hz. Very difficult to catch (antenna biger than 100 m!). HF : 3 Mhz to 30 Mhz Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation Single Side Band USB LSB 24 janvier 2018

Connecting HF Radios Do not forget the earth connection. : :                                                                                                            Do not forget the earth connection. 24 janvier 2018