Present new Information Investigating the social distribution of crime and deviance Below are some pictures of people – what factors influence someone’s chances of becoming a victim of crime? On your magic whiteboards – refer to sociological evidence to back up your points

Positivist victimology Critical victimology Concerned with identifying patterns and trends in the distribution of victims across social groups. Taken from surveys like the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Found that the average person’s chance of being a victim of crime is fairly low Women worry more than men about being victims of crime, but young males are 2x more likely to be victims of crime The older a person gets, the less likely they are to be a victim of crime People from ethnic minority backgrounds are more likely to be victims of crime Poor households are at greater risk of burglary (not using SCP strategies e.g. alarms) than higher-income households Critical criminologists, usually from a Marxist or feminist background, are critical of positivist victimology because they ignore the wider structural influences like poverty, deprivation, power inequalities and patriarchy. – therefore the poor, ethnic minorities and women are at a greater risk of being victims Some are unaware they have been victims of crime e.g. green crime and state crime, corporate crime Whether a person is regarded as a ‘victim’ depends on their position in the power structures; victimhood is socially constructed e.g. some may be put off reporting crimes due to the way the media reports them e.g. rape cases (they are to blame for the attack) The police may not classify some behaviours as crimes e.g. domestic violence, or let off with a warning. Need to pay more attention to the state’s definition of ‘victim’

construct You are going to be split into groups (functionalist/subcultural theories/Marxist/neo-Marxism/interactionism/feminism/realism) You are going to prepare a debate to argue which theory is the most important in explaining crime and deviance Use the photocopies on your table to highlight/select key points from to use in your debate During the debate, you need to nominate one person from your group to make notes of what each group says. 20 minutes!

Short answer questions Apply / review Outline two reasons why functionalists see crime as inevitable (4 marks) Outline two criticisms of labelling theory in explaining crime (4 marks) Outline and explain three reasons why crime may be necessary and beneficial for the wellbeing of society (6 marks) Outline three reasons why Marxists see capitalism as criminogenic (6 marks) Analyse two explanations for the causes of crime according to the right realists (10 marks) Analyse two functions of deviance (10 marks)

Apply / review Essay questions Using Item B10 (question bank), evaluate the usefulness of realist approaches to crime (30 marks) Using Item B11, evaluate the usefulness of different Marxist theories in understanding crime and deviance (30 marks) Using Item B13, evaluate the contribution of labelling theory to our understanding of crime and deviance (30 marks) Using Item B8, evaluate the usefulness of strain theories and subcultural theories to our understanding of crime and deviance (30 marks) Using Item B2, evaluate the usefulness of functionalist approaches in understanding of crime and deviance (30 marks)