What Causes End-Stage Heart Failure? FIXING AN ACHY BREAKY HEART: HEART TRANSPLANTS Maeleigh Ferlet and Rebecca Morra https://img.clipartfest.com/226a532256c6cf5a1a5e366ccbcfa6ac_real20heart20drawing-clipart-real-heart_572-834.png http://www.forbes.com/fdc/welcome_mjx.shtml INTRODUCTION PRE-OPERATION POST-OPERATION Psychological and social evaluation Blood Tests Patient placed in the cardiac ICU Monitor vitals, ECG, blood pressure, central venous pressure, left atrial pressure, and pulmonary artery pressures. Extubation once ABGs are within satisfactory ranges. IV fluids administered Oxygen therapy is given for respiratory support post-op Mediastinal drains in place Urinary catheter Strictly Monitor Intake and Output Anti-infective agents as prophylaxis Psychological support What is a Heart Transplant? To ensure that the heart is the best match To reduce chance of rejection A damaged or diseased heart is taken out of an individual and is replaced with a new, healthier heart from a donor (National…, 2016). The donor heart comes from an individual who has been deceased The heart is transplanted during a procedure that lasts several hours Financial Problems Stress Family Support Diagnostic Tests X-rays Ultrasound CT scan Pulmonary function tests Dental exams For women: pap test, gynecology evaluation, mammogram https://mycardiologyspecialist.com/images/articles/41.heart%20transplant.jpg WHO NEEDS ONE? http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/02/04/2551F1EC00000578-2939322-image-m-17_1423046859484.jpg What Causes End-Stage Heart Failure? Coronary Artery Disease Heart Attack Cardiomyopathy Congenital Heart Defects or conditions Conditions That Overwork The Heart LIFE AFTER A HEART TRANSPLANT https://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/lab-test.jpg Additional Things: Vaccines to prevent chances of acquiring infection Consent 88% of heart transplant patients live for a year 60% of heart transplant patients live for five years Once one year post-surgery, the patient will have annual exams that include: Echocardiogram Labs Chest x-ray ECG Coronary arteriogram or angiogram Intravascular ultrasound http://www.medimanage.com/Images/medical%20tests.jpg (“Care of the Heart Transplant Patient”, 2002). INTRA-OPERATION https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/92/af/b7/92afb74ec95b6c35789d66399ef5e85c.jpg Why Do People Need a Heart Transplant? Heart Transplantation Surgeon cuts down chest center and cuts sternum in half Cardiopulmonary bypass is initiated to allow blood to continue to pump to the rest of the body Diseased heart is removed Donor heart is placed in recipient and sewn into place Blood vessels are attached to the new heart Blood going through bypass machine begins to circulate through the new heart Surgeon uses defibrillator to shock the new heart into rhythm The new heart is observed to ensure correct functioning Sternum and skin are sewn back together Chest tubes are placed to allow drainage to exit from the chest Sterile dressing is applied The number one reason that patients need a heart transplant is severe heart failure “One or both ventricles in the heart are not functioning properly” (American, 205). The ventricle are responsible for pumping blood through the heart and into the body Oxygenated blood is not being circulated enough in the body to meet its demands Signs of Transplant Rejection Fever or chills Shortness of breath Fast or irregular heartbeat, S3 gallop, soft heart sounds Hypotension Sudden weight gain or swelling of extremities Flu-like aches and pains, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, syncope Reduced urine output Nausea or loss of appetite Heart attack http://intensivecarehotline.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/015642929_30300.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/f3/bf/af/f3bfafcbfe24f6953f5266f8078310e3.jpg HOW DO YOU GET ONE? http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_jl9W6tnXIFw/TVJ29hcNlCI/AAAAAAAAAVU/j-RjBgZOBI8/s1600/27-perfusion1.jpeg WHAT IS UNOS? The United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS Allocates organs to donors based on need and priority Patients in ICU, Life-Support Measures, Mechanical Assists Devices, Cardiac Supporting Intravenous Medications Dependent on intravenous medications or a mechanical-assist device (hospital or home) Stable on oral medications and able to wait at home Inactive due to a change in condition CONCLUSION Status 1A Status 1B Status 2 Status 7 Take Care of Your Heart! Annual checkups Regular exercise Quit smoking Maintain healthy weight Balanced and nutritious diet Monitor cholesterol and sodium intake (“Heart Waiting List”, 2017). http://drjacksinger.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/hearthealth.bmp