The English in South Carolina (finally)

8-1.3: Summarize the history of English settlement in New England, the mid-Atlantic region, and the South, with an emphasis on South Carolina as an example of a distinctly southern colony.

Unit Vocabulary - Grand Model - Headright - Slave - Patent - Freedom - Charter - Democracy - Parliament - Barbados - Daub and Wattle - Naval Stores - Indentured Servants - Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina - proprietary colony (Eight Lords Proprietors)

Timeline and Background (1600-1699) Cervantes wrote the novel Don Quixote Galileo sees the moons of Jupiter through his telescope and proves that the planets revolve around the sun The King James version of The Bible is written Bill Shakespeare is NO LONGER “the man” in England (he’s dead) The first African slaves are used in Jamestown, making slavery legal The Dutch buy Manhattan from the natives for $24 worth of stuff call it New Amsterdam The Taj Mahal is built in India The Spanish Inquisition forces Galileo to change his mind about how the planets move around the Sun. The Sun King, Louis XIV (14) takes over in France and starts to build Versailles Issac Newton experiments with gravity The British take New Amsterdam from the Dutch and rename it New York

How was Carolina colony founded? Carolina was founded as a proprietary colony King Charles II granted land to the eight Lords Proprietors in payment of a debt 1663 The proprietors hoped to make a profit by charging settlers a quitrent (tax) on the land. They had almost unlimited power

Who were the 8 Lord’s Proprietors? Anthony Ashley Cooper William Craven John Berkeley Edward Hyde William Berkeley George Monck John Colleton George Carteret. John Berkeley George Monck William Berkeley

How were the Lords Proprietors going to govern the Carolina colony? The proprietors commissioned John Locke to write the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina. This document included policies designed to attract settlers, such as religious tolerance, a social class system, and a way to divide land.

Lord Ashley called it “The Grand Model” because it was what he hoped to enforce once the colonies got organized. This document was never used however. It showed the proprietors intention to make Carolina a society based on elites. (This is in contrast to the experiences in New England and the middle colonies where relative equality was a goal).

Lords Proprietors controlled the government through a Governor and Grand Council, which included representatives of the proprietors, the Carolina elite and a smaller representation of the common people of the colony. Just as in the other colonies, Carolina had some degree of democracy from the beginning.

How was land divided? Just like in Virginia, the proprietors used the headright system which led to the establishment of large plantations. These plantations were based on cash crops that made Carolina a distinctly southern colony. Middleberg Plantation 1699 Near Huger by James Simons

What settlers came to Carolina? The first settlers were Englishmen who immigrated from the British colony of Barbados, a small island in the Caribbean settled by the English in 1625. They brought a well-developed slave system with them. Slavery made the plantation owners very wealthy Eventually both sides disagreed over who should be in charge…the English who settled the colony, or the Barbadians who felt like they knew better.

Who else settled in Carolina? Prosperity lead to several different groups of people settling in Carolina, and for different reasons: Englishmen from Barbados - to make more $. French, Swiss, German, Scottish, and Irish people came for $ and religious freedom. French Huguenots and Jews came to escape religious persecution. Slaves from Barbados and Africa came against their will.

Where was the first settlement? Charles Town was settled on Albemarle Point on the Ashley River. Before the city could be designed, settlers built buildings using daub and wattle. A way of building buildings using small branches woven together (wattle) plastered over with mud (daub), and with a roof made out of reeds that were tied together. They tried growing various crops from England and Barbados and had some success, but the area was too low, marshy, and mosquito infested for long term success.

What problems did the first colonists face? Illness- malaria from mosquitoes The Spanish weren’t too keen on the English, their big time enemy, settling so close (St. Augustine). The Native Americans remembered how the Spanish treated them…not fond of Europeans.

Fence at Charles Towne Landing….originally known as Albemarle Point

Example of a settler’s home and garden

Protecting the colony!

A house at Charles Towne Landing made of daub and wattle

Why did the Charles Town colony move to Oyster Point? This new location had a higher elevation and was better for farming. It sat between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Plans were made for a better constructed city with high walls, a moat, and proper roads. The old city is around Broad Street and Meeting Street downtown. http://ccpl.org/content.asp?id=15812&catID=6060&action=detail&parentID=6046