APA Workshop Magen Melton, Technical Services Librarian mmelton@vinu.edu 812-888-5807

Format References Page In-text citations Today’s Lesson Format an APA paper Format References Page In-text citations

APA? American Psychological Association Used in most medical and scientific papers American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Why use APA? Be Clear & Concise. Reduce Bias Format

Don’t worry about memorization! There are a lot of rules to go over, but don’t despair! There are a lot of resources for you to consult, including me!

Standard Formatting includes, Title Page Running Head Pagination Mechanics Displaying data Documentation of sources

Paragraph Default Settings 1 Click on the arrow in the lower right-hand corner of the Paragraph ribbon. Change the spacing for before and after to “0 pt”. Change line spacing to “Double”. Click “Default” to save changes. Check the remote button next to “All documents based on the Normal.dotm template”, and “OK”. 2 3 4 5

Font and font size default settings 1 Click on the grey arrow at the lower right-hand corner of the Font ribbon. Set font to Times New Roman, size 12. Click set as default. Check the remote button next to “All documents based on the Normal.dotm template”, and “OK”. 2 4

Click on the Center Justify button in the Paragraph ribbon. Title Page Click on the Center Justify button in the Paragraph ribbon. Hit Enter button 4 TIMES to move the cursor to the appropriate line of the page. Type the full title, your name, and Vincennes University. 1 2 3

Inserting the Header Click on the Insert tab. 1 Inserting the Header 3 2 Click on the Insert tab. Click on Page Break. It will move you to the second page. Click on header. Click on Blank to select. 4

Inserting the Header 3 Type the title in all caps. The title should not be longer than 12 words or 50 characters. Hit Tab button (once or twice depending on length of title) to move cursor to right side of page. Check the box next to Different First Page. 1 2

Inserting the Header Click on Page Numbers button. Drag mouse down to Current Position. Continue to drag mouse over Plain Number option, and click to select. 1 2 3

Edit title page header Move the cursor to the header of the title page. Type “Running head:” followed by the full title of your paper in all caps. Hit the Tab button (once or twice depending on the length of the title) to move the cursor to the right-hand side of the page. Insert page number in the same way as earlier 4 2 3 1

Don’t forget to change the paragraph setting back to Left Justify! Body of the Paper Don’t forget to change the paragraph setting back to Left Justify! 1

Reference Page Go to a clean page Click on the Center Justify button. 2 5 Go to a clean page Click on the Center Justify button. Type “References” at the top of the page. Hit Enter key once to move to next line. Click on Left Justify Click on the arrow in the lower right-hand corner of the Paragraph ribbon. Select Hanging indent option from drop-down menu. Click OK button to save changes. 6 1 3 4 7 8

Writing your Reference List References start on a new page at the end of the paper. References are listed alphabetically. Double space. Use hanging indent. Include all cited works.

References: Journal Articles Author, A. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, volume (issue), page-page. Jones, R. (2009). Irritable lifestyles: a longitudinal study. American Journal of Gastrointestinal Studies, 108(4), 133-136. *Include issue number in parentheses ONLY if each issue starts pagination with 1.

References: Online Journal Article Author, A. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, volume, page- page. doi:xx.xxxx/xxx.xx.x.xxx Miller, S. & Doe, R. (2009). The effects of irritable bowels on tissue. Journal of Bowel Obstruction, 97, 110-115. doi:10.1478.34.3.432 *If no Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is given, include the URL of the journal homepage.

References: Books in print Author, A. (Year). Title of book. Location: Publisher. OR Editor, A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher. Smith, C. (2009). The book of IBS. New York: Random House. OR Jones, A. (Ed.). (2010). The edited book of IBS. London: Taylor & Francis. *Only use editor if there is no author listed. This only applies to edited/unabridged editions.

References: Ebook Book with a URL Book with a DOI Author, A. (Year). Title of book. Retrieved from http://... Book with a DOI Author, A. (Year).Title of book. Doi:xx.xxxx/xxx.xx.x.xxx Smith, C. (2009). The book of IBS. Retrieved from http://randomhouse.com Smith, C. (2009). The book of IBS. Doi:10.1598/654.35.6.465

References: Book Chapter Author, A. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher. Or Author, A. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher. Retrieved from http://www.xxxx.com Author, A. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher. doi:xxxxx Smith, C. (2009). Effects of IBS in adolescents. In R. Brown (Ed.), The book of IBS (pp. 123-234). New York: Random House. Or (pp. 123-234). New York: Random House. Retrieved from http://www.randomhousepub.com

References: Video Producer. (Producer). (Year). Title of Video [DVD]. Available from http://... Films Media Group (Producer). (2007). Helping patients manage irritable bowel syndrome [DVD]. Available from http://digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx? aid=1948&xtid=47898

References: Webpage/non-periodical web document Author, A. (Date of publication). Document title. Retrieved from http://www... Smith, A. (2012, Feb. 5). Grumbling guts? Understanding irritable bowel syndrome. Retrieved from http://newsinhealth.nih.gov/Feb2012/Feature2 *List as much of the information above as possible. Some of the information will take a extra effort to find. If a date cannot be determined, use “n.d.” to indicate “no date.”

What if a resource doesn’t have an author? If your source has no author, start with the title of the work Title of book.(Year). Location: Publisher. OR Title of article. (Year). Title of publication, Volume (issue), page-page.

What if a resource has multiple authors? Two to seven authors: List all authors, use and “&” instead of the word “and” Author 1, A., & Author 2, A. (Year) More than seven authors: List the first six authors then use (…) between the sixth name and the last name …Author 5, A., Author 6, A.,…Author 9, A. (Year).

In text-citations Direct influence over your work Data, definitions, background info, arguments for/against Facts and figures that are not common knowledge

Citing Sources: One Author Smith (2009) presents an overview of quality of life with IBS, Assessment of health related quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome. In a recent article, assessment of health related quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome, the quality of life with IBS is considered (Smith, 2009). In his research, Smith (2009) found that IBS was problematic. Smith also points out that patients with IBS were more likely to be depressed. The study shows IBS is a problem (Smith, 2009).

Citing Sources: 2 authors Smith and Jones (2009) present an overview of quality of life with IBS, Assessment of health related quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome. In a recent article, Assessment of health related quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome, the quality of life with IBS is considered (Smith & Jones, 2009).

Citing Sources: 3 to 5 authors In the first mention: Smith, Jones, Miller, and Doe (2009) state... In a study...(Smith, Jones, Miller, & Doe, 2009). After the first mention: Smith et al. (2009) state... In a study...(Smith et al., 2009).

Citing Sources: Six or more authors Harris et al. (2001) argued... In a study… (Harris et al., 2001)

FYI… “Et al.” is an abbreviation for “et alli,” which is Latin for “and others,” but it’s easy to remember homophonically by thinking of it as “and all.”

Citing Sources: Same last name When you have two or more authors with the same last name, use their first initial to differentiate between the two. C. Smith (2009)… R. Smith (2009)…

Citing sources: No author or No date Use abbreviated title in place of the author’s name. Use double quotation marks around titles in parentheses. A study tracked IBS patients over 3 years (“Irritable lifestyles,” 2009). Italicize titles outside parentheses. …Irritable lifestyles (2009). Use “n.d.” for “no date” Smith (n.d.) tracked IBS patients… A study tracked IBS patients over 3 years (Smith, n.d.).

Citing Sources: Direct Quotes *Direct quotes – USE SPARINGLY; only when paraphrasing can’t capture authenticity of the quote. Direct short quotation of less than 40 words: “…” (Smith & Jones, 2009, p. 129). According to Smith and Jones (2009), "irritable bowel syndrome detracts from quality of life" (p. 129).

Citing Sources: Direct Quotes Direct quotation of 40 words or more: Block quote New line Indent Do NOT use quotation marks. Double space Place period before the parenthetical page number.

“Always... no, no... never... forget to check your references” (Grazer & Coolidge, 1985). DATABASE TOOLS AREN’T ALWAYS CORRECT! They can be out of date, or just completely wrong! MICROSOFT WORD REFERENCES DOES NOT REQUIRE ALL OF THE NECESSARY FIELDS TO PROPERLY FORMAT YOUR REFERENCES!

Additional Resources and Tools APA Style Website Apastyle.org Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) owl.English.purdue.edu Database Citation tools OneVU citation tools

Still Need Help? Email: Call: Visit: mmelton@vinu.edu My Office 812-888-5807 Reference Desk 812-888-5810 Visit: Come to the Library and speak with the reference librarian on duty!