Deformation monitoring in Denmark – Danish initiatives J. F. Levinsen1, N. H. Broge1,2, C. Sørensen1,3,4, P. Marinkovic5, Y. Larsen6 Agency for Data Supply and Efficiency, Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark Danish Coastal Authority, Danish Ministry of Environment and Food, Lemvig, Denmark PPO.Labs, den Haag, the Netherlands Norut, Tromsø, Norway Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

Your experiences and input for optimizing the process are valuable! Aim of work Pilot study: Deliver basis of decision for establishment of operational service for S1-based deformation monitoring in Denmark Your experiences and input for optimizing the process are valuable! Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

Long history of in-situ measurements: Precision leveling Background Long history of in-situ measurements: Precision leveling Repeats: 1885-1905, 1940-1953, 1986-1992 Zoom-in: Dense network. Example over Thyborøn: Three-year revisit cycle. Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

Long history of in-situ measurements: GNSS Background Long history of in-situ measurements: GNSS Permanent stations (1998 ) Yearly revisit cycle (2007 ) Three-year revisit cycles (2004 ) Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

Background Mighty fine, but low spatio-temporal resolution and spatial coverage: What happens in- between?  InSAR! Terrafirma: Esbjerg a.o. Various analyses: ERS-2 (plotted), Envisat Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

 Great potential with freely available Copernicus data! Motivation Previous sensors: Discontinuous acquisitions. Sentinel-1: High spatio-temporal resolution and high spatial coverage; Ensured acquisitions ~2030; Mean coherence map: potential!  Great potential with freely available Copernicus data! Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015 - 2016 Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

Sentinel-1: First results First computations to analyse potential with S-1 …applicable for hotspot detection? Two computations: Three sites: 2015 – 2016 Five sites: 2014 - 2016 Sites selected due to: In-situ data and local knowledge revealing significant changes. Implementation of EU flood’s directive. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015 - 2016 Thyborøn Skive Aarhus Vejle Odense Aabenraa Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

Sentinel-1: First results March 2015 – March 2016  Higher spatial coverage + hotspot detection Thyborøn Odense Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015 - 2016 Århus Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

Sentinel-1: First results Thyborøn: October 2014 – August 2016 Higher spatial coverage  hotspot detection indeed  great applicability! Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2014 - 2016 Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

Pilot study: Project goal Decision support for establishing operational service for nationwide mapping Key focus: Collaboration with end-users  develop product cf. specific needs  enhances probability for implementation. Implementation in: Climate change adaptation; optimization in utility sector; surveillance tasks, … Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

Where are we now? Computations over test sites (ERS-2, EV, S-1). Sites selected where in-situ data and local knowledge showed significant changes. Purchased S-1 calculations (2014-2016) over five AOIs for implementation of EU’s flood directive End-user workshops Public + private interest in data clear and confirmed Collaborations with selected end-users established (utility sector; municipalities; road authorities) Scientific contributions to enquire about techniques Project to design and mount corner reflectors Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

… and what lies ahead? (I) Publish tender (www.udbud.dk) to learn about requirements for S1-based nationwide mapping: How to best approach task? Gain experience for nationwide mapping. Select winner to deliver: Description: Which technique is optimal for Denmark and why? Description: How to best include in-situ measurements? Corner reflectors? Description: Which resources are required?  Estimate of total cost. Computations: Relative and absolute velocities using recommended technique. Etc… Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

… and what lies ahead? (II) End-user workshops: Provide introduction to InSAR; Present deformation rates; Obtain first insight into needs to deformation product. Final identification of end-user needs. Investigate initiatives regarding data infrastructure. Develop business cases for segments in public/ private sectors. Basis of decision for establishing operational service. If positive: Prepare EU tender. Challenges. Ex: Educational backgrounds; Believed/ actual needs. Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

Conclusions and outlook InSAR greatly advantageous to in-situ data: High spatio-temporal resolution and spatial coverage ↔ economic savings. Denmark: Project to learn about requirements for operational, S1-based deformation monitoring. Submission of first tender: Dec. 2016. Basis of decision: Fall 2017. Next step: EU tender to set up service. Close collaboration with end-users to tailor product to specific need  increases economic savings. Great effort to: create awareness of data + ensure understanding of measured signals; ensure use of data. Other countries with similar projects: Significant data availability -- what about the bigger picture? Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016

The presentation contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2014-2016 Thank you! The presentation contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2014-2016 The authors would like to acknowledge ESA and the Copernicus programme for making data available. Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk) November 2nd 2016