Exploring the Food System Lesson A Exploring the Food System © 2016 Johns Hopkins University

FoodSpan Infographic Crop production Food animal production Seafood production Food chain workers Climate change Agroecology Food distribution Food safety Food processing Food labeling Food marketing Food environments Food waste Hunger and food insecurity Food policy

“When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe.” – John Muir Photo credit: Kathrin & Stefan Marks. Redwood Forest Morning. Flickr. Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

Washington Apple Supply Chain Growing Apples grow on trees in orchards Harvesting Apples are picked by hand Washing, grading, waxing A wax coating helps keep apples crisp Packing Apples are sorted and packed into 40-pound cartons Retailing Apples are sold in a variety of stores Packaging Packaging depends on how the apples are processed, if at all Processing Some apples may be canned or made into applesauce, pie filling, etc. Distributing Apples are transported up to thousands of miles in refrigerated trucks Preparing Apples can be eaten whole, added to salads, cooked in pies, etc. Consuming Apples are eaten Disposing Throughout the life cycle, some apples and parts of apples are discarded Composting Discarded apples can be composted and used to help more apples grow Adapted, with permission, from Discovering the Food System. www.hort.cornell.edu/foodsys/. Photo credit: Apple and Pear Australia Ltd. Flickr. Creative Commons CC-BY 2.0.

Broiler Chicken Supply Chain Soy growing Soy harvesting Chick hatchery producing Corn growing Corn harvesting Poultry feed processing Poultry producing Fish harvesting This example represents the prevailing industrial model of poultry production in the U.S. Distribution steps not shown. Adapted from Pelletier N. Environmental performance in the US broiler poultry sector: Life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas, ozone depleting, acidifying and eutrophying emissions. Agricultural Systems, 2008; 98, 67-73. Photo credit: Farm Sanctuary. www.farmsanctuary.org.

Broiler Chicken Supply Chain (continued) Processing Retailing Preparing Consuming In this example, the chicken is minimally processed. Foods such as chicken nuggets would require additional processing steps. Distribution steps not shown. Adapted from Pelletier N. Environmental performance in the US broiler poultry sector: Life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas, ozone depleting, acidifying and eutrophying emissions. Agricultural Systems, 2008; 98, 67-73. Photo credit: Farm Sanctuary. www.farmsanctuary.org.