Wildlife farming and Sustainable Ecotourism: The Opportunity University of the West Indies, St. Augustine. Wildlife farming and Sustainable Ecotourism: The Opportunity Michele D. Singh1, Rajkumar Singh1, Wendy R. Townsend2, Natalia Inagaki De Albuquerque3 and Gary W. Garcia1 1 Department of Food Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 2 Organization for Tropical Studies, Costa Rica and Noel Kempff Mercado Natural History Museum, Santa Cruz, Bolivia 3 Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Tv. Enéas Pinheiro s/n, Bairro do Marco, CEP: 66095-100, Belém -Pará - Brasil
Tourist Expenditure in the Caribbean (US $ Billion) (Silva, 2012)
Ecotourism “New tourism” - Sustainable use of natural resources - Hikes, jungle walks, ziplining, camping Agro-eco-tourism - Farm bed & breakfast - Participation in farm activities (planting, harvesting, feeding, birthing, cooking) - Preparation of meals with farm products
Experiential Tourism Austrian Farm Holidays Most effective, innovative and the best funded, farm holiday/agritourism marketing & development group in Europe perhaps worldwide Founded - 1991 Supported in part by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth: the latter Ministry is responsible for Tourism Policy in Austria. Supports farm based tourism enterprises, support agricultural areas and create attractive vacations. (Cressner 2013-CTO)
Latin America-Agro tourism Costa Rica (Harvey 2013-CTO)
Latin America-Agro tourism Argentina Paraguay
Alligator Farming Everglades, Florida
Snake Farming Asia
Butterfly Farming St. Martin
Objectives To identify conservation, production and utilization opportunities which can be derived from farming indigenous/neo-tropical animals within the context of eco-tourism.
Neo-tropics “New” Tropics Mexico to Argentina, including the Caribbean
Neo-tropical Animal Farming Captive rearing of indigenous animals Extensive/Intensive production Limited in Trinidad and Tobago and most of Latin America by laws “Wild Meat” is a delicacy
Major Species for Consideration Most hunted Most eaten Most utilized
Agouti Dasyprocta leporina
Collared peccary/javelina /quenk/wild hog Tayassu tajacu / Pecari tajacu
Didelphis marsupialis Manicou/Opossum Didelphis marsupialis Lappe/labba/paca Cuniculus paca
Capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Porcupine Coendou prehensilis
Red brocket deer Mazama americana Tattoo/Armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus
Caiman noir crocodilus Iguana Iguana iguana Spectacled Caiman Caiman noir crocodilus
Fulvous Whistling Tree Ducks Matte/Tegu Tupinambis tegui Fulvous Whistling Tree Ducks Dendrocygna bicolor
Cascadura/Spiny catfish/Hassa Hoplosternum littorale Coscorob Aequidens pulcher Guabine Hoplias malabaricus
Ecotourism Present focus Souvenirs / Food / Some neotropical wildlife for viewing Little or none for production, food and nutrition in the Caribbean Region
Wildlife Farming Subsistence, little institutional support Laws and regulations Limited vertical integration High value for primary products High hunting pressure Illegal importation Little or no by-product utilisation Little structure for Conservation Embryonic stages of development in the Caribbean
Potential of wildlife farming for sustainable ecotourism Indigeneous species – tropical temperature, relative humidity, pests and diseases, feed and nutrition Contribute to ecological stability Income directly and indirectly, indigenous taste and culture National feed and food security High quality animal protein, favourable pricing Reduce hunting pressure, promote conservation Research and development Multifunctionality of agriculture
The Opportunity: The wildlife farming eco experience An Integral part of the attraction Viewing, feeding Hunting, slaughter By-product utilisation Indigenous culinary experiences Sustainability Components for (production & conservation) General Economics
Discussion Products of the neo-tropical animal wildlife farming - eco-tourism experience * Experience * Ethnocuisine * Value-added * Education products/souvenirs
Conclusion Potential to reduce reliance on imported food, feed and livestock – regional food security There is enormous potential for wildlife farming as a component of sustainable ecotourism Wildlife farming provides an opportunity to integrate conservation, production and utilization with sustainable eco-tourism.
Curry Stewed Agouti Curried Cascadura Grilled Guinea Pig Curried Deer