Chapter 12 - Discourse analysis Meeting 3 Chapter 10 - Semantics Chapter 11 - Pragmatics Chapter 12 - Discourse analysis

Today’s agenda Repetition of meeting 2 Mini-lectures & seminars on chapters 10-12 Preparation for meeting 4 Qs? Goodbye

Immediate constituents The Greek was drinking.

Immediate constituents The Greek was drinking. The Greek was drinking. He drank.

The FBI agent is going to save the patient. Semantic roles for NPs The FBI agent is going to save the patient. agent patient/theme NPs are entities which fulfill certain roles within the situation described by a sentence. Agent = the entity that performs the action, typically human Theme/Patient = the entity that is involved in or affected by the action. Typically non-human, but in this case it is a human. In the book, The boy kicked the ball. The ball = patient/theme

An awful tsunami hit Thailand. Agent – theme/patient A boy kicked the ball. I shot the sheriff. An awful tsunami hit Thailand.

Instrument, experiencer, location Sinead O’Connor shaved her hair with a razor. Fredrik Reinfeldt felt tired. Schwarzenegger lifted weights in the gym. Instrument = with a razor Fredrik Reinfelt = experiences

Source, goal The child received a gift from Santa. Santa gives presents to children. Instrument = with a razor Fredrik Reinfelt = experiences

Lexical relationships Example Type Almost/nearly Rich/poor Flour/flower / Vegetable/carrot Foot (human vs. of table) Synonymy Antonymy Homophones Homonyms Hyponymy Polysemy

He drank the whole bottle. Metonymy Wheels = Car Whole-part relationship, where the wheels are part of the car He drank the whole bottle.

Collocations fast food *quick food *speedy food

Can you think of…? Synonyms Remember Purchase Big Antonyms Dark Hot Up Come Recall Buy Large Light Cold Down Go

Polysemy - two or more related meanings Word Meaning A Meaning B Bright Shining To glare To shine intensely A deposit Minerals in the earth Head Foot ? Bright: Intelligent Glare: To stare angrily Deposit: Money in the bank Head Polysemy - two or more related meanings Foot

Seminar - Semantics The four sharings: Worksheet 3: Qs 1-14 (+ 15-17)

Semantic feature analysis 4)

Pragmatics How speakers use language in order to achieve their goals and how hearers understand the meaning speakers wish to convey. No necessary connection between the literal meaning of an utterance and the message behind the meaning: ”It’s hot in here!” Utterance meaning: Temp is high! Utterance force/message: Open the window!

’point to something/pointing (via language)’ Deixis We need to know the context, otherwise we cannot interpret the word. Deixis, deictic words. Today, tomoorrow, ou me she heim it them, ’point to something/pointing (via language)’

Terminology Anaphora Inference Presupposition Speech acts Direct and indirect …politeness, face-threatening act…

Seminar - Pragmatics The four sharings: Worksheet 3: Qs 18-26

Discourse analysis The branch of linguistics that deals with the study and application of approaches to analyze written, spoken or signed language Bla, bla

The Gricean maxims Quantity Quality Relation Manner The co-operative principle Herbert Paul Grice (March 13, 1913, Birmingham, England – August 28, 1988, Berkeley, California),[1] usually publishing under the name H. P. Grice, H. Paul Grice, or Paul Grice, was a British-educated philosopher of language, who spent the final two decades of his career in the United States. Born and raised in the United Kingdom, he was educated at Clifton College and then at Corpus Christi College, Oxford.[1][2] After brief period teaching at Rossall,[2] he went back to Oxford where he taught until 1967. In that year, he moved to the United States to take up a professorship at the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught until his death in 1988. He returned to the UK in 1979 to give the John Locke lectures on Aspects of Reason. He reprinted many of his essays and papers in his valedictory book, Studies in the Way of Words (1989).[1] He was married and had two children. He and his wife lived in an old Spanish style house in the Berkeley Hills.

Be relevant http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkpvON6IpNs&feature=PlayList&p=0F22B5057BC99BF1&index=2&playnext=2&playnext_from=PL

What’s the implicature? -How did you like the guest speaker? -Well, I’m sure his was speaking English.

Cohesion vs coherence? ?

Seminar - Discourse analysis The four sharings: Worksheet 3: Qs 27-29

Preparation meeting 4 Read chapter 13: Language and the brain Read chapter 14: First language acquisition Read chapter 15: Second language acquisition

Studying abroad? Five grants! 25,000 SEK Fall ’10 Outside Europe maria.holmgren.troy@kau.se

The end Good luck studying Goodbye!