Preventive Health Practices 2016 Information on specific illnesses with images

Fifth Disease – parvovirus B19 SYMPTOMS Mild fever, tiredness. Cheeks become flushed after a few days May also develop a light rash on chest, arms, legs Health improves after rash appears Rash can last > a week and may reappear after exposure to sun or a warm bath HOW IT IS SPREAD No longer contagious once appears Airborne contact Direct contact Indirect contact WHEN TO EXCLUDE It is only necessary to exclude a child who feels too unwell to participate in the regular activities of the child care

Hand, Foot Mouth Disease – coxsackie virus A16 SYMPTOMS Sores in mouth Rash of tiny painful blisters on hands & feet Mild fever, sore throat Stomach ache May last 7-10 days Many people have no symptoms HOW IT IS SPREAD Direct contact with blisters & saliva Indirect contact with same Contact with stool WHEN TO EXCLUDE It is only necessary to exclude a child who feels too unwell to participate in the regular activities of the child care

Strep Throat & Scarlet Fever – Group A Streptococci bacteria Red, painful throat, fever, swollen glands, headache, stomach ache HOW THEY ARE SPREAD Direct contact Indirect contact with respiratory discharges Airborne contact with respiratory discharges Contagious before symptoms occur and until 24 hours after treatment WHEN TO EXCLUDE Anyone with a positive diagnosis Until they have been on antibiotics for 24 hours AND they feel well enough to participate SCARLET FEVER:  Skin rash of fine, red, coarse bumps on neck, chest, groin, and inner surfaces of the knees thighs, and elbows.

Impetigo – streptococcal or staphylococcal bateria SYMPTOMS May initially appear to be an insect bite, cut, or burn Becomes a blistery rash with thick, golden-yellow discharge that dries and becomes crusty and sticks to the skin Spreads easily to other areas of the skin HOW IT IS SPREAD Direct and indirect contact with the discharge from the sores WHEN TO EXCLUDE Until 24 hours after treatment has begun

Ringworm – fungus SYMPTOMS SKIN (1): A flat, growing, ring-shaped rash Rash may be raised, scaly, and itchy SKIN(2): Skin becomes lighter in flat patches, especially on trunk and face SCALP: begins as a small bump and spreads outward, leaving scaly patches of temporary hair loss FEET: skin between toes scales & cracks, skin may blister NAILS: thickening, discoloration, crack & break easily HOW IT IS SPREAD Direct contact with infected person or animal Indirect contact WHEN TO EXCLUDE Until 24 hours after treatment has begun

Scabies – skin parasite SYMPTOMS Itchy, raised, usually red rash Can occur anywhere on the body Can take 4-6 weeks to develop symptoms HOW IT IS SPREAD Direct contact Sharing clothing or bedding WHEN TO EXCLUDE Until 24 hours after treatment has begun Check and possibly treat all children & staff

Pinworms – intestinal parasite SYMPTOMS Can be symptom-free Anal itching & irritation Sleeplessness Irritability HOW IT IS SPREAD Contact with eggs that then get into the mouth Eggs can survive up to two weeks off the human host WHEN TO EXCLUDE Until treatment has begun

Lice– scalp parasite SYMPTOMS Itching of head and scalp Red bites marks and scratch marks Nits (eggs) are visible on hair HOW IT IS SPREAD Direct contact by louse crawling from infected person Indirect contact eggs via any personal items of infected person WHEN TO EXLCUDE Until properly treated and no nits are present

Meningitis – bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite SYMPTOMS  HOW IT IS SPREAD Airborne contact Direct contact Feces WHEN TO EXCLUDE Until fever is gone and they feel well Until heath care provider determines they are no longer contagious

Hepatitis A, B, C - virus Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Spread through contact with blood or body fluids Spread through contact with blood or body fluids Spread through contact with feces

Hepatitis A, B, C – virus (continued) There are now immunizations against the Hepatitis A & B viruses Exclude anyone with active hepatitis until cleared by healthcare provider

Tuberculosis - bacteria HOW IT IS SPREAD Airborne contact WHEN TO EXCLUDE Until a health care provider determines the disease is no longer active

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - virus CMV is a very common viral infection that will infect most people. It can be dangerous for people with immune problems and pregnant women who can spread the illness to their unborn babies. SYMPTOMS Children usually have no symptoms Older children may develop a fever, sore throat, swollen glands, enlarged liver, rash, and tiredness HOW IT IS SPREAD Direct & indirect contact with body fluids Via childbirth WHEN TO EXCLUDE Only when child is toll ill to participate in Normal activities Any pregnant staff should take extra precautions

Whooping Cough (pertussis) – bacteria SYMPTOMS Cold-like symptoms Violent coughing spells that may end with Vomiting or not getting enough oxygen In children under six-months they may develop serious complications requiring hospitalization WHEN TO EXCLUDE Any child not immunized against pertussis Until after 5 days of treatment, or 4 weeks after on-set of cough HOW IT IS SPREAD Airborne contact