Power Point Lectures to accompany Tomorrow’s Technology and You, 9e Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Slide 1 1

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 The Evolving Internet Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Objectives Explain how and why the Internet was created Describe the technology that’s at the heart of the Internet Describe the technology that makes the Web work as a multimedia mass medium Discuss the tools people use to build Web sites Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Objectives (cont.) Discuss the trends that are changing the Internet and the way people use it Discuss some of the most important social and political issues raised by the growth of the Internet Describe various ways that governments restrict access to the Internet Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 ARPANET Pioneers Build a Reliable Network Out of Unreliable Parts The ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork) is the predecessor to the Internet: Developed at the request of the Department of Defense by a team of visionary computer scientists Launched in 1969 Peer-to-peer networking philosophy and protocols were copied in other networks in the 1980s Disbanded in 1990, having fulfilled its research mission, but its technology spawned the Internet Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Internet The Internet: an interconnected network of thousands of networks Links academic, research, government, and commercial institutions The Internet2 consortium Will lead to new applications Faster communications Higher reliability Greater security Will eventually be incorporated into the existing Internet Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Internet Counting connections Connects computers to about every country in the world Growing too fast to measure its growth Internet is decentralized Internet doesn’t have hard boundaries Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Internet Internet protocols TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) At the heart of the Internet Allows cross-network communication TCP breaks messages into packets. Each packet has all the information needed to travel from network to network. Host systems called routers determine how to route transmissions. Packet switching is flexible and robust. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Internet Internet protocols (cont.) IP is the address for the packets. Each Internet host computer has a unique IP address. Each address is comprised of four sets of numbers separated by periods, such as 123.23.168.22. NextGeneration Internet will allow more addresses and multicasting. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Internet Internet addresses The host is named using DNS (domain name system), which translates IP addresses into a string of names. Top-level domains include: .edu—educational sites .com—commercial sites .gov—government sites .mil—military sites .net—network administration sites .org—nonprofit organization sites Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Internet Internet addresses (cont.) Top-level domains include: (cont.) .aero—Air transport organizations .biz—Businesses .coop—Cooperative businesses such as credit unions .info—Information services .museum—Museums .name—Personal registration by name .pro—Licensed professionals, including lawyers, doctors, and accountants Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Internet Internet communication An email address includes: username@hostname.sub.dom username is the person’s “mailbox” hostname is the name of the host computer and is followed by one or more domains separated by periods: host.domain host.subdomain.domain host.subdomain.subdomain.domain Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Internet Internet communication (cont.) User President whose mail is stored on the host whitehouse in the government domain president@whitehouse.gov User hazel_filbert at the admin server for Grant MacEwan Community College in Alberta, Canada hazel_filbert@admin.gmcc.ab.ca Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Internet Internet access options Direct (Dedicated) Connection Computer has its own IP address and is attached to a LAN No need to dial up Files are stored on your computer Quick response time Dialup Connection Limited connection using a modem Full access dialup uses POTS or PPP via modem Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Internet Internet access options (cont.) Broadband connections DSL service Newer, faster, and cheaper than ISDN Can share phone line with voice traffic Cable modem connection Allows Internet connections using shared TV cables Can exceed DSL speeds Carries increased privacy and security risks Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Internet Internet access options (cont.) Satellite connection provides connection using DirecTV satellite dishes. Wireless broadband connection allows multiple computers to connect to a base station using short-range radio wave. ISPs (Internet service providers) Local ISPs provide connections through local telephone lines. National ISPs offer connections on a nationwide scale. Online services like AOL and MSN offer extra services. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Internet Internet servers Email server acts like a local post office for a particular Internet host—a business, an organization, or an ISP. File servers are common within LANs. Also used to share programs, media files, and other data across the Internet FTP (File transfer protocol) allows users to transfer files. Download files from remote servers to their computers Upload files to remote computers File compression saves storage space on disk and saves transmission time when files are transferred through networks. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Internet Internet servers (cont.) Application server stores applications—PC office applications, databases, or other applications. Makes them available to client programs that request them Might be housed at an ASP (application service provider), a company that manages and delivers application services on a contract basis Web server stores Web pages and sends pages to client Web browsers. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Web Web protocols: HTTP and HTML HTTP (Hypertext transfer protocol) used to transfer Web pages. HTML (HyperText Markup Language) created for encoding and displaying documents. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Web HTML is not WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get). Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Web Publishing on the Web Programs that convert document format features into HTML codes: Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, FileMaker Web authoring software: Dreamweaver, Apple’s iWeb, Microsoft Expression Web Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Web From hypertext to multimedia Typical Web pages can contain: Tables Frames Forms Animations Search engines Downloadable audio and video Real-time live audio or video 3-D environments Personalization Streaming audio and video Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Web From hypertext to multimedia (cont.) Plug-ins and helper applications RealOne QuickTime Shockwave/Flash RealPlayer Adobe Reader and Acrobat Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Web Dynamic Web sites: beyond HTML Dynamic HTML Adds more programming power to HTML by allowing code to modify itself automatically under certain circumstances Languages for dynamic sites Perl scripting language Java: Full-featured, cross-platform, object- oriented programming language Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Web Dynamic Web sites: beyond HTML (cont.) Java applets: small java programs Automatically downloaded onto client computer Can run on any platform ActiveX: collection of programming technologies and tools for creating controls or components Similar in many ways to Java applets Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Web Dynamic Web sites: beyond HTML (cont.) XML (extensible markup language) Will replace HTML plus provide additional features and extensions XHTML A sort of cross between HTML and XML SMIL (synchronized multimedia integration language) Makes it possible to link time-based streaming media—sounds, video, and animation can be tightly integrated Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Web Search engines Search engines are designed to make it easier to find information on the Web. Web crawlers or Spiders Software robots that systematically search the Web Some search engines use keywords and Boolean logic to conduct searches. Other search engines conduct searches using a hierarchical directory or subject tree. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Web Portals Web entry stations that offer quick and easy access to a variety of services Consumer portals include search engines, email services, chat rooms, references, news and sports headlines, shopping malls, and other services. Corporate portals on intranets serve the employees of particular corporations. Vertical portals are targeted at members of a particular industry or economic sector. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Web Push technology and RSS The Web was built with pull technology. Browsers on client computers “pull” information from server machines. Essentially, the browser asks for information. With push technology, information is delivered automatically to the client computer. New product descriptions Automatic software upgrades Updated news RSS (Really Simple Syndication) pushes (feeds) information to people who read blogs. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Web Web 2.0 and you Web 2.0 is the term often used for participatory technologies. Blogs Forums Wikis Distinguishing feature of Web 2.0 is the do-it-yourself spirit. Mashup is a Web page, song, video, or image that combines music and video clips from other works. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Inside the Web Internet issues: ethical and political dilemmas Commercialization of the Internet has opened a floodgate of new services to users Internet addiction Excessive Internet usage is a true addiction People spend excessive time on Online communities MMORPG (massive multiplayer online role-playing games) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Internet Issues: Ethical and Political Dilemmas Freedom’s abuses Commercialization has brought capitalism’s dark side to the Internet Spam scams Get-rich-quick hoaxes Online credit card thefts Email forgery Child pornography Illegal gambling Online stalking Fraudulent political schemes Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Internet Issues: Ethical and Political Dilemmas Freedom’s abuses (cont.) Filtering software keeps students out of sites that contain inappropriate content Electronic money systems allow users to make online transactions easier and safer Digital signatures use encrypted techniques to make transactions safer Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Internet Issues: Ethical and Political Dilemmas Access and censorship 1996 Communications Decency Act is one reaction to online hucksterism and pornography In 2000 Congress passed the Children’s Internet Protection Act Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Internet Issues: Ethical and Political Dilemmas The digital divide The realization that there is a separation of people who have easy access to computers, the Internet, and digital information technology and those who don’t NII (National Information Infrastructure) is an affordable, secure, high-speed network to provide “universal service” for all Americans. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Internet Issues: Ethical and Political Dilemmas Net neutrality The principle that Internet access should be free from restrictions related to the type of equipment being connected and the type of equipment being connected and the type of communication being performed with that equipment Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 From Cyberspace to Infosphere Cyberspace is the term used to describe such a shared virtual reality, complete with sights, sounds, and other sensation Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Lesson Summary The Internet is a network of networks that connects all kinds of computers around the globe and uses standard protocols to allow Internet communication to occur. No single organization owns or controls the Internet. You can connect to the Internet in several ways that provide different degrees of access to Internet services. Most Internet applications are based on the client/server model. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Lesson Summary (cont.) The Web uses a set of protocols to make a variety of Internet services and multimedia documents available to users through a simple point-and-click interface. In addition to Web sites, a variety of applications are built on the protocols of the Internet and the Web. For example, people who use the Web depend on search engines to find the information they need. Peer-to-peer computing was popularized by music-sharing services, but its applications go beyond music sharing. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 9 Lesson Summary (cont.) Many businesses are exploring ways to apply P2P technology. Grid computing goes beyond P2P computing by enabling people to share processor power. As the Internet grows and changes, issues of privacy, security, censorship, criminal activity, universal access, and appropriate Net behavior are surfacing. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall