Dr. Lu Yuan, CSP 985-549-2189 Lu.Yuan@selu.edu Prejob/Pretask Planning and Accident Investigation and Reconstruction OSHE 382, Spring 2016 Dr. Lu Yuan, CSP 985-549-2189 Lu.Yuan@selu.edu

Summary: Substance-Abuse Programs & Safety Incentives Different opinions about drug testing Components of drug-testing programs Drug testing should be part of a comprehensive drug-prevention program Safety incentive Definitions of Incentive & performance objective Three types of safety incentives in construction Concerns about safety incentives Safety incentive should be part of an overall comprehensive SH&E program

Overall Goal of Planning To create a culture that actively follows safety standards and procedures, and pursues safe practices To emphasize individual as well as team responsibility for creating an injury-free workplace

General Precautions A crisis management handbook: Addresses emergency procedures An emergency card that every crew member can carry: Emergency communication Training in and practice of emergency procedures: Obtain knowledge

Construction Planning (Macro) Safety through design Safety should be considered and built in at the earliest stage of the design. Get rid of potentially risky situations as early as possible rather than having to deal with them later. It allows evaluation of the construction methods to be used and can eliminate hazards before they are created.

Key Elements of Safety Through Design Define a broader meaning of the term hazard Establish a standard for safe design Categorize the hazards into different groups Use the safe design hierarchy to physically control hazards Control the hazard by matching it to appropriate design improvements or appliances MacCollum, D.V. (2006) Inherently safer design: Five principles for improving construction safety. Professional Safety. 51:5, 26-33.

Safe Design Hierarchy Eliminate the hazard Guard to prevent the hazard from causing harm Include safety factors to minimize the hazard Use redundancy for a group of parallel safeguards MacCollum, D.V. (2006) Inherently safer design: Five principles for improving construction safety. Professional Safety. 51:5, 26-33.

MacCollum, D.V. (2006) Inherently safer design: Five principles for improving construction safety. Professional Safety. 51:5, 26-33.

Construction Planning (Macro) The coordination of multidisciplinary teams (Figure 9.1 on p. 141) should ensure that in all cases, worker safety and health be consistent with building quality, budget and schedule goals, and design intent. Insurance coverage Substance abuse control Site security Construction process requirements

Responsibility of Safety Manager The safety manager does not supervise the contractor employees, but He/she must assure that the contractor supervision enforces safety rules among their employees. The safety manager should be given absolute authority to stop work that is deemed hazardous. On the other hand, He/she should commend and promote extraordinary safety performance.

Project Hiring and Managing Prebid qualifications: Emphasize safety record (performance and results) Prebid conference: Discuss safety issues specific to the project Postbid conference: Reemphasize safety requirements with each prospective project participant

Project Hiring and Managing Preconstruction meeting: The Contractor assigns a safety representative to interface with the owner. Construction phase: General and specific safety requirements such as orientation, job progress meeting, and toolbox talks, etc. Project completion: Safety performance recorded for future project consideration

Prejob/Pretask Planning (Micro) Job hazard analysis Examines a work process Identifies potential hazards Proposes preventive measures Task safety assignment plans (Figure 3 on Pages 151 and 152 of the textbook) A subset of job hazard analysis, focusing a specific type of work Everyone who will be performing such work must know how to complete it safely

Accident Investigation and Reconstruction Purposes: To inform the reader about the process of inquiry that typically follows an accident that is serious enough to warrant litigation or the threat of litigation, To suggest the construction managers a list of actions that can be taken to eliminate or reduce the risk of liability resulting from accidents, and more importantly, To determine corrective controls that can be implemented to eliminate hazards based on accident causation analysis.

Construction Accident Factors Design Schedule Overtime work Job-site safety culture Owner influence

Accident Causation Theories Many different theories but unfortunately there is no one single theory that is universally accepted The domino theory Multiple causation model Human error theories Accident proneness theory Etc.

Construction Accident Root Causes Accident Root Cause Tracing Model (ARCTM) Failing to identify an unsafe condition that existed before an activity was started or that developed after an activity was started Deciding to proceed with a work activity after the worker identifies an existing unsafe condition Deciding to act unsafely regardless of initial conditions of the work environment Abdelhamid, T.S. and Everett, J.G. (2000) Identifying root causes of construction accidents. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 126:1, 52-60.

Causes of Unsafe Conditions Management actions/inactions Worker or coworker unsafe acts Nonhuman related events An unsafe condition that is a natural part of the initial construction site considerations Abdelhamid, T.S. and Everett, J.G. (2000) Identifying root causes of construction accidents. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 126:1, 52-60.

Abdelhamid, T. S. and Everett, J. G Abdelhamid, T.S. and Everett, J.G. (2000) Identifying root causes of construction accidents. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 126:1, 52-60.

Accident Reconstruction Collect information Interview the witnesses Preserve the evidence Root-cause analysis Insurance representative involvement Attorney and experts inquiry

Actions to be Taken Build and reiterate safety as a core corporate value Create and promote positive safety culture in the workplace Hold officers and managers accountable for safety performance State and reinforce consistent safe behavior Improve supervision and training effectiveness