SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st century

A. Explain how European partitioning in the Middle East after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire led to regional conflict. https://youtu.be/Kq1iEvc9scI

Before the Ottoman Empire 550 B.C. the Persian king Cyrus the Great conquered the Babylonian Empire in Mesopotamia and created the Persian empire. 330 B.C. Alexander the Great led armies from Greece in to Persia and conquered the Persian Empire. After the death of Alexander the Great the empire broke up into smaller kingdoms ruled by Greek kings. Eventually the Greek kingdoms fell too. The new Persian empire called the Sassanian empire dominated Iran for 400 years.

Before the Ottoman Empire Turkey and Cyprus was conquered by the Roman Empire. The eastern part of the Roman Empire was called Byzantine Empire. It survived after the western part fell and ruled parts of the region until 1400s A.D. In the 600s A.D Muhammad began to preach Islam in Arabia. His followers spread Islam to many regions. They later defeated the Sassanian Empire and conquered Iran.

Ottoman Empire In 1000s A.D Muslim Turks from central Asia migrated into Turkey and Iran and began to gain power. (They gave the country Turkey its name.) The Turks established kingdoms in the region and by 1400s the kingdom of the Turkish Ottoman family became the most powerful. They captured Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire in 1453. They would later make Constantinople (now called Istanbul) their capital. The Ottoman Empire would eventually spread to over three continents.

Ottoman Empire…ending The greatest ruler of the Ottoman Empire was Suleiman the Magnificent, who conquered much of southeastern Europe. He built mosques, schools, and libraries. His court was a center of art and culture. In 1500 the Safavid Empire rose in Iran. They fought several wars with the Ottoman Empire. By the 1800s the old empires of Turkey and Iran were loosing their power rapidly. In the early 1900 a group of army officers called the Young Turks took power in the Ottoman Empire. They wanted to create a secular nation like a lot of Europe.

Ottoman Empire…ending During World War I they sided with Germany. After the Ottoman Empire and its allies lost WWI and the empire collapsed. The Ottoman Empire was split up by the Sykes- Picot Agreement.

Sykes- Picot Agreement Sykes-Picot Agreement, also called Asia Minor Agreement, was a secret convention made during World War I between Great Britain and France, with the agreement of imperial Russia, for the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire. The agreement led to the division of Turkish- held Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine into various French- and British-administered areas. Negotiations were begun in November 1915, and the final agreement took its name from its negotiators, Sir Mark Sykes of Britain and François Georges-Picot of France on May 19, 1916.

Assignment Using your notes and textbook (page 216-221) complete page 81 in your workbook. Homework: Read pages 216-221.