Stator Elastomers Application vs Innovation IADD Luncheon June 22, 2017

Chocolate chip cookie? Which one is better? same label, different recipe, different outcome

Stator elastomer compounds Stator Introduction Stator elastomer compounds Isn’t rubber rubber? It’s black and looks the same. What characteristics define a good rubber? Who or what defines what “good” rubber is? “I just want a hard rubber”. (Why??)

Power Section Variables well plan & objectives depth (hyd.psi) path (inc & azm) Bit type formation reactive torque Drilling Fluids WBM vs OBM chemicals additives Rig Capabilities pump / psi limits top drive/kelly People & Resources experience knowledge Multiple sub-industries Bits Fluids Rig Contractors Lower End Manuf. Symbiotic relationship not necessarily beneficial affected by all

Power Section Provider Overall Expectations Customer Expectations minimize trips due to failure complete drilling objectives in desired timeframe drill faster (improve ROP) last longer (historically aggressive environments) $/ft ROP Operator Directional Company Motor Company Power Section Provider

Elastomers (Rubber) is an engineered system comprised of Elastomer System Elastomers (Rubber) is an engineered system comprised of Base Polymer (defines characteristics) cure system vulcanizes the rubber to cross-link the sulfur with the polymer chemical chains fillers and reinforcing agents many varieties and structures help the vulcanization process help define the mechanical properties (ie. tensile, tear, modulus) Plasticizers and Softeners aids in the blending of the polymer and the other additives aids in processing characteristics other aids, agents, accelerators NBR Polymer HNBR Polymer

Elastomer Polymers NBR – Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber EPDM – Terpolymer of Ethylene Propylene & Diene CR – Neoprene (polychloroprene) VMQ – Silicone Rubber CO/ECO – Epichlorohydrin (usually just ECO) NBR – Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber HNBR – Hydrogenated Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber FVMQ – Fluorosilicone Rubber FKM – Fluoroelastomer

Rubber properties tend to have inverse effects: Elastomer Properties Rubber properties tend to have inverse effects: increase in one equates to decrease in other what is the right balance of properties to performance? Nitrile Rubber (NBR) Air/gas permeability Low temperature flexibility Cure rate – peroxide system Resilience Decreases Heat – aging resistance Abrasion resistance Tensile Stiffness Thermoplasticity Compatibility with polar polymers Oil/fuel resistance Cure rate – Sulfur Cure System Processability Density Increases As ACN Increases

Longer life in temps > 300°F Application More Power HP is a function of RPM and Torque RPM is geometry (&fit) dependent so must come from Torque Increased torque solved in two ways: increase the # of stages (longer) increase the pressure per stage (stronger) RPM implications Longer life in temps > 300°F Life is a function of heat buildup and polymers Heat managed by geometry design & fit (hysteresis vs BHT) Polymers limited in capabilities

Innovation vs Application what problem are we solving? is there a problem or is it perceived? is there a rubber polymer to address issue? what properties of the rubber need addressing? can it be molded and glued into the stator tube? standard / typical process limitations? new technology or materials costs $ to develop how expensive is it? will the customer pay for it? how can the value proposition be measured? better ROP? longer service life in a specific application? reduced failure trips?

Stator elastomers are: Conclusion Stator elastomers are: one component of a larger assembly designed for drilling exposed to numerous downhole environments subjected to a variety of high dynamic loads and stresses designed and engineered for purpose complex multi-ingredient systems limited in scope (is there a one-size-fits-all solution?)