Date: Title: How to prevent injury LO: To understand the different external factors that can cause injury What can cause injury? Starter: Create a mind map listing everything you can think of that can cause injury We will add to this at the end of the lesson Key Words:

Key Words – Supervision, environment, equipment LO: To understand the different extrinsic factors that can cause injury Key Words – Supervision, environment, equipment Learning Outcomes: MUST: Identify 3 extrinsic factors that can increase risk of injury (pass) SHOULD: : Describe with examples of these 3 factors (merit) COULD: Explain how each of these factors can cause/prevent injury (distinction)

What do we mean by an extrinsic factor? An extrinsic factor is uncontrolled by the sports performer as an individual MUST: Identify 3 external factors that can increase risk of injury (MB1)

SHOULD: Describe with examples of these 3 factors (MB2) Factor 1. The type of activity The type of activity we take part in can present different levels of risk of injury. TASK 1: Explain how the 3 sports pictured below can present the risk of injury 1. 2. 3. SHOULD: Describe with examples of these 3 factors (MB2) COULD: Explain how each of these factors can cause/prevent injury (MB3)

SHOULD: Describe with examples of these 3 factors (MB2) Factor 2. The environment Weather Playing sport outdoors during stormy conditions can greatly increase risk to injury. Being struck by lightening or losing control of equipment in strong winds High heat can cause over heating if we exert ourselves too much. We will also sweat more and lose water and salts leading to dehydration. Extreme cold can mean hands/ fingers need to be protected and players are in suitable clothing SHOULD: Describe with examples of these 3 factors (MB2)

SHOULD: : Describe with examples of these 3 factors (MB2) 4. Environment Playing surfaces – are they safe? Sport activities are carried out on a variety of playing surfaces in a range of surroundings and during different environmental conditions. All of these can be potential factors in causing injury. Terrain can be un-even SHOULD: : Describe with examples of these 3 factors (MB2)

SHOULD: : Describe with examples of these 3 factors (MB2) Factor 3. Equipment The equipment you play with needs to be in good condition, up-to-date and used correctly. We class equipment in 2 categories.. Protective equipment Performance equipment (what you need in your sport) TASK: In the back of your book – you have 30 seconds to list as many pieces of protective equipment as you can = 6 = 4 = 3 SHOULD: : Describe with examples of these 3 factors (MB2)

Exam Question - Equipment Complete the question using the information we have just learned. Key Words: Protective, Impact, Fall, vital organs

4. Use the right equipment Gum shield – Rugby/hockey/boxing Shin pads – football Harness – Climbing Helmet – Cycling Head-guard – Rugby Gloves – Boxing Knee pads - Volleyball

Clothing Generally speaking, you should wear comfortable clothing that allows a full range of movement. Warm clothing should be worn before competing. During the activity you need clothing that will keep you the correct temperature. Some sports require specific clothing to be worn..

Clothing

SHOULD: : Describe with examples of these 3 factors (MB2) Factor 2. Coaching and supervision TASK 2: In your pairs discuss 3 different ways a coach could potentially cause injury 1. 2. 3. SHOULD: : Describe with examples of these 3 factors (MB2)

4. Coaching and supervision Coaching the wrong or unsuitable technique Coaching players or athletes an unsuitable technique is likely to cause injury For example if I gave Katie Longstaff a set of 30kg weights and told her to do 5 sets of 10 reps – she is going to injure herself – this is poor coaching. Poor technique can lead to a sudden injury EG. Fracture or cuts or an overuse injury such as painful, sore shoulders due to repetitive use of incorrect technique.

4 Coaching and supervision It is a coach’s job to enforce the importance of the rules. If they don’t what could happen? Why do we have and play by rules in sport? To reduce the risk to players themselves and to others TASK 3: Think of a rule in a sport which is in place for maintaining safety to players

Positive coach – player relationships can allow safe practice 4 Coaching and supervision Coaches need to use effective communication. EG. Clear, precise information that players can understand. If communication is not understood, there is chance of injury. If a coach talks too much or doesn’t talk at all during training and competition, players may switch off or lose interest.. There is then a risk to injury – A coach is their to safely guide their players. Positive coach – player relationships can allow safe practice

SHOULD: : Describe with examples of these 3 factors (MB2) 4 Coaching and supervision TASK: What were the 3 different ways a coach could prevent injury 1. Coaching correct and appropriate techniques 2. Enforcing the rules 3. Effective communication SHOULD: : Describe with examples of these 3 factors (MB2)

Question Answer: b) Wet playing surface Sports injuries can be influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Which one of the following is an extrinsic factor? Poor sitting position Wet playing surface Muscle imbalance Old age Answer: b) Wet playing surface

Target: Aim to get a minimum of 4 / 6 Short Exam Questions 1. Describe how each the following can influence the risk or injury to a sports performer Type of activity (1 mark) Different activities present different levels of risk, for example… Communication skills of a coach (1 mark) Playing surface (1 mark) 2a. Give one item of sports equipment which may cause injury (1 mark) One item of sports equipment that can cause injury is… 2b. Describe how one item of protective equipment from each of the following categories that will help to prevent injury (2 marks) One piece of protective Total: 6 marks Target: Aim to get a minimum of 4 / 6

Extended Exam Question (homework) Explain how extrinsic factors can influence the risk of injury to sports performers (8 marks) Structure: Name the external factor Explain how it can cause injury (X4) Key Words: environment, equipment, coaching, type of activity, risk assessment COULD: Explain how each of these factors can cause/prevent injury (distinction)

Name: _____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

WAGOLL (What a good one looks like) An extrinsic risk factor is something which can not be controlled by the performer. An example of this could be coaching and supervision. The extrinsic risk could be that the coach is teaching the performer the incorrect technique or poorly communicating information within a drill activity in football. Another example of an extrinsic risk factor could be the environment. High heat can cause over heating if we exert ourselves too much. We will also sweat more and lose water and salts leading to dehydration. The equipment being used could also be a extrinsic risk. The equipment you play with needs to be in good condition, up-to-date and used correctly. An example of this could be the referee allowing young children to play with a football that is to large and heavy for their capability. A final extrinsic factor would be a referee not enforcing the rules correctly. An example of this could in a football match when the referee is allowing bad tackles to be made in the game with no punishment.

Key Words: coaching, supervision, environment, equipment External factors that can cause injury? Update: Update the spider diagram in your books from the start of the lesson. Use a different colour. Key Words: coaching, supervision, environment, equipment

Key Words – Supervision, environment, equipment LO: To understand the different external factors that can cause injury Key Words – Supervision, environment, equipment Learning Outcomes: MUST: Identify 3 external factors that can increase risk of injury (pass) SHOULD: Give examples of these 3 factors (merit) COULD: Explain how each of these factors can cause/prevent injury (distinction)