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PREPOSITIONS

Contents Prepositions and their purpose Lists of common prepositions What do prepositions express? Prepositions of location Prepositions of direction Prepositons of temporal relations 4. Exercise 5. Other prepositions

Prepositions and their purpose a part of speech that introduces a prepositional phrase the word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the sentence modify main verbs, nouns and adjectives → show a relationship between a noun / pronoun and some other word in the sentence a person and their location or destination an object and who it belongs to an event and when it happens

The most used prepositions in English are: of to in for with on

Here are some of the more common prepositions: aboard about above across after against along alongside amid among amongst around as aside astride at atop B barring before behind below beneath beside besides between beyond but by C circa concerning considering D despite down during E except excepting excluding F failing following for from I in including inside into L like M minus N near nearby next notwithstanding O of off on onto opposite outside over P past per plus R regarding round S save since T than through throughout till times to toward towards U under underneath unlike until unto up upon V versus via W with within without worth

Here are some compound prepositions: according to by way of instead of ahead of in addition to on account of apart from in front of prior to aside from in place of with respect to because of in spite of  by means of up on  

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE TABLE What do prepositons express? 1. Prepositions of location - WHERE something is in relation to something else Location: at, on, in can be grouped into three classes using concepts from geometry: point, surface, and area/volume. a. Point: (at) the noun that follows them is treated as a point in relation to which another object is positioned – e.g. The accident happened AT the crossroads. b. Surface: (on) the position of an object is defined with respect to a surface on which it rests – e.g. The students are sitting ON their chairs. c. Area/Volume: (in) an object lies within the boundaries of an area or within the confines of a volume. e.g. We are IN a building now. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE TABLE

2. Prepositions of direction - DIRECTION / MOVEMENT of something in relation to something else Direction: accross, along, around, away from, in(to), on(to), out of, over past,through,to, towards ... express movement toward something e.g. Many people moved TO Germany last year. The train went THROUGH the tunnel. She swam ACROSS the river.

3. Prepositions of temporal relations - WHEN something is in relation to another event Temporal relations: on, at, in, since, by, for, from, until … can express: point in time - on, at, in – e.g. Next exam is IN June. extended time -since, by, for, from, until – e.g. We’ve been here FOR an hour.

Exercise: 1. We arrived ____ the house ____ the afternoon. 2. The waiter was ____ our table immediately. 3. We have not seen our waiter _____ we arrived. 4. The soccer player leaped ____ the ball. 5. The tiger jumped _____ my face. 6. The tiger jumped _____ the trap. 7. I went ____ the store today. at in 8. A light appeared ____ the window. 9. The cattle will graze ____ the open range ____ the whole summer. 10. Three hockey players are ____ the ice. 11. The cowboy rode _____ the setting sun. 12. Three boxers are ____ the ring. 13. The play ran _______ September ____ November. 14. The water spilled _____ the floor. in on at for on into since in to from onto to onto into to

Other prepositions about on the subject of: This is a story about aliens. approximately: She is about twenty years old.

above over: The picture is above the piano. across from one side to the other: We swam across the lake. on the other side of: There is a store across from the street.

after later in time: Mrs. Jones is used to taking a nap after lunch. later in a series: B comes after A in the alphabet.

against in opposition to: Smoking on the plane is against the law. touching: I leaned my bicycle against the wall.

along 1) following the length of: Walk along the street and you will see the barbershop. among 1) within a group: The money is going to be shared among five persons.

around 1) circling something: Let me show you around. 2) approximately: Most of the basketball players are around six feet tall.

before earlier in time: You have to be back before twelve o’clock. earlier in a series: A comes before B in the alphabet.

behind at the back of: There is a dog behind the sofa. late: I am behind in my work.

below under: It’s cold today. The temperature must be below zero. beside next to: The coffee shop is beside the flower shop. besides 1) also; as well as: We study Spanish and French besides English.

between an intermediate location: B is between A and C. within a group of two: The secret is between you and me.

by near: I would like to buy a villa by the sea. past: He waved to his wife and kids as he drove by the house. not later than: Try to finish the work by next week. through the means of: We like traveling by plane.

during 1) throughout a period: Most students have a part-time job during the summer vacation. except 1) not including: The teacher gave each student a present except Jill.

for duration of time: We have walked for two hours. purpose: I bought this jacket for you. in favor of: I am for the proposal.

from place of origin: I am from Osijek, the Republic of Croatia. start of a period of time: I promise I won’t fool around from now on. source: I first heard the story from you.

into to the inside of: We stepped into the room. change of condition: The frog changed into a prince.

of part of a group: One of you has to go to the conference. measurement: a cup of milk; two meters of snow

off away from: Please keep off the grass. over above: There are pictures above the TV. more than: The watch costs over ten thousand dollars.

to in the direction of: Turn to the right. destination: I am going to Rome. until: from Monday to Friday; five minutes to ten

under 1) beneath: The cat is lying under the dining table. 2) less than: Under 100 people were present.

until up to a certain time: She will stay until Sunday. with accompanying: I live with my parents and my two younger sisters. using: I repaired the shoes with glue.

without not having: Do not go out without putting on your coat.

Exercise: Fill in the blanks with prepositions (put an “X” if no preposition). My mother’s birthday is ______ May 15th. He's working on his homework _____this moment. I had a terrible dream _______ last week. I lived in the US _________the 1980s. I'll see you _________a few weeks. We like going to the movies _________ the morning. He lives _________ Cairo. My boyfriend works_________ a hospital. He went _________his friend's house last night. I'm going to stay _________home.

11. We played tennis yesterday. We played ________ two hours. 12. Why don't we go _________the movies tonight? We are visiting Disney World _______ Florida this summer. What time did you arrive ______ the hotel? He's sitting _________ the chair next _________ the piano. There are a lot of beautiful pictures _________the wall. I live _________the fifth floor of my apartment building. Because we have no car, we go everywhere ________ foot. We will be gone ________ two days. I have never been ________ the USA.

VERB + PREPOSITION Complete the sentences with the prepositions below VERB + PREPOSITION Complete the sentences with the prepositions below. You can use them more than once.   with on from for to in of about at I wish to apply ……………… a job with your firm. Have you always suffered ………………. asthma? Don’t let anyone take advantage ………………. your generosity. The car collided …………………. the motorbike and fell down the cliff. You can depend ………………….Sara. She never lets anyone down. If there is any problem, don’t hesitate to complain ……………. the host. What are you complaining ………………? Let’s talk ……………. our future plans. Don’t laugh ………….. him! Listen ………….. the teacher attentively!

11. Can you wait ……………. me after the lecture. 12 11. Can you wait ……………. me after the lecture? 12. His sister spends a lot of money ………. Clothes. 13. I apologize …………… my rude words. 14. Ask Anne ……….. help. She knows these grammar rules. 15. Where could I pay ………… this dictionary? 16.This photo reminds me ……….. my childhood. 17. This book doesn’t belong …………. me. 18.The plants died ……….. a lack of water. 19.Why are they accusing him …….. stealing money? 20. Sometimes I think ……….. doing things and then just as quickly forget them.

21. Very few people agreed ………. the new law. 22 21. Very few people agreed ……….. the new law. 22. Young people might vote ……….. the green party. 23.I’d like to talk …………. your parents. 24.I believe ……………. Beginning at the bottom and working one’s way to the top. 25.They are very interested …………… arts and sciences. 26.Some students are always late ……….. lectures. 27.I’m very worried …………… my father’s health. 28.Some people are fond ………. going to the cinema. 29.I am tired ………… hearing friends say that they can’t wait to leave home. 30. I am very excited ………… going on holiday.