The instruction book Sue Palmer

Instruction text in time order (sequential/chronological) tells how to do or make something in time order (sequential/chronological)

instructions non-fiction book DIY book recipe These texts are often instructions… non-fiction book DIY book recipe sewing or knitting pattern instructions science experiment technical manual posters notices signs instructions on packaging

Instruction organisation Title: what’s to be achieved Maybe…… labelled diagrams What you need ------------------ What to do, one step at a time

Instruction language features Mix the flour.. Press button A.. Simple clear language Imperative verbs See also third person instructions Second person (usually) Necessary detail only Number and/or time connectives Cut along the line.. Always use the correct equipment Feed and exercise your dog.. Firstly mix the flour…… 7. Cut along the line ….. Finally, feed and exercise your dog…… Next press button A….. Before you start choose the correct equipment Back to instruction organisation

boxes for extra information or tips Audience someone who wants to know what to do Purpose to help reader achieve aim easily clear layout diagrams / pictures boxes for extra information or tips

Third person instructions When more than one person involved, e.g. a game third person present tense provide names or labels Player A takes a card… Team 1 tries to score points… * * * Team 2 tries to stop them… The batting side… The fielding side…

Writing Instructions *Do the activity ( or act it out). Make brief notes as you go *Make *list of “What you need” *flow chart of what to do *diagrams if necessary *Turn flow chart into written instructions.

When writing with a partner.. REHEARSE * Say each phrase or sentence aloud * Improve if possible WRITE One writes, one helps. RE-READ Read back to check it makes sense

Alternative ‘skeleton’ note- taking frameworks comic strip time line list

‘Skeleton’ blanks

What you need ------------------ Back to original

What to do, one step at a time Back to original

Examples of ‘skeletons’ in use Taken from ‘How to teach Writing Across the Curriculum’ (KS1/2) by Sue Palmer, with many thanks to David Fulton Publishers

Skeleton HOW TO MAKE A PERSONAL PHOTO FRAME You will need: A good photo of yourself A rectangle of thick card, bigger than your photo 4 strips of thinner coloured card Scissors Glue Coloured crayons or pens 1. Put the photo of yourself on the thick card, right in the middle. Use a dab of glue to stick it in position. 2. Lay one of the strips of coloured card across the top of your photo. Trim the strip so that it covers the thick card and overlaps the photo a tiny bit. 3. Do the same with the others to cover the thick card at the bottom and sides of the photo. 4. Glue the four strips together at the corners so they make a frame. Use the coloured crayons or pens to decorate it with pictures of things you like. 5. Glue the frame over your photo on to the thick card. 6.Put your personal framed photo in the class display. Strip of card Photo Thick card Glue strips together Skeleton

decorate with pics you like Trim card to fit photo Strips glue thick card stick on glue together Display decorate with pics you like Text

How to make a papier mâché bowl You need: half a cup of flour half a cup of water a tablespoon of salt a container for mixing paste newspaper, torn into thin strips a balloon, blown up and knotted a strip of card (about 30cm by 4cm) sticky tape and scissors paint and brushes varnish and brush First make the paste. Put the flour and salt into a container and gradually mix in the water until it is thick and creamy. Dip the strips of newspaper into the paste and smooth them down on to the unknotted end of the balloon. Cover enough of the balloon to make a bowl shape. Use three or four layers of paper strips. Leave to dry. Make a base for the bowl by taping the card into a circle shape, and taping it on to the balloon. Cover with a few more paper strips to hold it in place. Pop the balloon and remove its plastic skin. Ask a grown-up to help you trim the bowl, and smooth more paste strips over the edge to finish it off. Leave to dry. Paint the bowl in bright colours. When dry , brush on a final coat of varnish. Papier mâché is the French for ‘chewed paper’! It is a mixture of paper and paste that hardens when dry. Skeleton

Text 2. Paper the balloon 3. Make base 1. Make paste 5. 3-4 layers of paper strips card circle 2. Paper the balloon 3. Make base 1. Make paste tape and paper strips flour and salt and water 5. Paint and varnish 4. Pop balloon Trim bowl Finished bowl Adult help Text