“Second Industrial Revolution & The Gilded Age” 1870 1890 1914 ** Time of Individualism … Urbanization, Industrialization, Immigration, and the Rise of Industry and wealth within our Nation “Progressive Reform Era” 1890s 1901 1917 1920s ** How do we address problems arising from … industrialization (big business, labor strife) urbanization (slums, political machines, corruption) immigration (ethnic diversity) inequality & social injustice (women & racism)

1. All of the following except __________ were factors that led to economic growth during the Second Industrial Revolution / Gilded Age. A. Population growth, much of which came from immigration B. Urbanization, especially farmers leaving rural areas C. Development of cash crops in the South after Civil War D. Patent laws, providing legal protection E. A large supply of natural resources

2. One of the most consistently supported ideals during the Gilded Age and an ideal that strongly affects our nation’s attitudes today is ___________, as no matter how humble one’s origins, anyone can rise in society and go as far as their talents and commitment would take them. A. Capitalism B. Entrepreneurism C. Social Darwinism D. Individualism

3. The following ____________ best explains why John D 3. The following ____________ best explains why John D. Rockefeller became a dominant “Captain of Industry” within the oil industry. A. He saw oil drilling as inefficient, so early on in his career focused on the oil refinery business B. In incorporating the concept of vertical integration, he came to own the raw materials associated with the production of oil C. There were a lot of kerosene fires in the 1860’s and 1870’s, and so by calling his product “Standard Oil,” he tried to market his product as a “standard” or “safer” brand of kerosene. D. Answers “A” and “C” E. Answers “A,” “B,” and “C”

4. The dominant philosophy during the Gilded Age, believed by many of our nation’s leaders in business and government, this was called _________________, which argued that the government should not help the poor, success is determined only by hard work, and society should support a “survival of the fittest” attitude. A. Capitalism B. Entrepreneurism C. Social Darwinism D. Individualism

5. The following term called ______________ represents a legal arrangement to get around anti-monopoly laws that allows for one company (usually the wealthier company) to manage another company’s property, whereby instead of buying a company outright, it manages the not-as-wealthy company through a board of advisers. A. Trust B. Merger C. Corporation D. Vertical integration

6. This inventor, _________________, is famous for studying the flow of work and workers’ places in it, basically workplace efficiency making industrial work more effective. A. Thomas Edison B. George Westinghouse C. Frederick Taylor D. Elisha Otis E. Gustavus Swift

7. The following group of workers, ____________, during the Second Industrial Revolution and Gilded Age are largely credited with being willing to work for very low-paying jobs and willing to move anywhere in search for a job. A. Union workers B. The “Wobblies” C. Former farmers D. Immigrants

8. Industrialization during the “Second Industrial Revolution” and Gilded Age is largely credited with _________________ which was a positive development for average Americans. A. More than 30,000 workers deaths each year B. Creating a much larger American Middle-Class C. Making available to Americans a wider array of consumer goods D. Answers “B” and “C” E. Answers “A,” “B,” and “C”

9. The following ____________ best explains why Andrew Carnegie was successful as a businessman, eventually becoming a dominant “Captain of Industry” within the steel industry. A. He saw oil drilling as inefficient, so very early on in his career focused on the steel industry B. He introduces the Bessemer process to the United States, taking advantage of this cheap method of producing steel C. In incorporating the concept of vertical integration, he comes to own the raw materials associated with the production of steel D. Answers “A,” “B,” and “C” E. Answers “B” and “C”

10. By 1900, the South’s economy could be described by all of the following statements except ____________. A. It lagged behind the North, as it lacked a sufficient public school system, as well as enough labor and investment funding to expand its economy. B. Although the South had a smaller economy, it did have greater railroad production as well as more technical and engineering schools compared to the Northern states. C. The South’s economy was still dependent on cash crops like cotton, as the region struggled from lack of economic diversification

11. The following goal of ___________ is something the Knights of Labor wanted to achieve and could be interpreted as a way to accomplish “broad social reform.” A. Replacing capitalism with workers’ cooperatives B. Higher wages C. Better working conditions D. Shorter workday

12. The availability of jobs in cities, a democratic system of government, cheap land in the American West, and a system of volunteer participation in the military were all ___________ for various immigrants groups coming to America. A. Pull factors B. Nativist factors C. Push factors D. “Game changers”

13. Unions established to unite all workers of a certain skilled profession were referred to as ___________ unions. A. Industrial B. Pinkerton C. Professional D. Trade