Anatomy Tissue Practical Review By: Katie Day

Epithelium Tissues

Simple Squamous Single layer of flat cells Usually forms membranes Lines body cavities Lines alveoli of lungs and capillaries

Simple Cuboidal Single layer of cube-like cells Common in glands and their ducts Forms walls of kidney tubules Covers the ovaries

Simple Columnar Single layer of tall cells Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus Lines digestive tract (stomach, intestines, etc.) Once the goblet cells produce they swell to the top

Simple Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others Often looks like a double cell layer Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract May function in absorption or secretion Found in the trachea and bronchi

Stratified Cuboidal Two layers of cuboidal cells (same characteristics of a simple cuboidal) Rare in the body – found in salivary glands, male urethra

Stratified Columnar Surface cells are columnar cells Vary in size and shape the columnar cells do Rare in human body, forms ducts of large glands

Transitional Epithelium Found in areas where tissue stretching/distension is common Shape of cells depends upon the degree of stretching Lines organs of the urinary system (ex. the urinary bladder)

Connective Tissues

Bone (Osseous) Tissue Composed of Bone cells in lacunae (cavities – look at the small dark spots) Hard matrix of calcium cells Large numbers of collagen fibers Used to protect and support the body

Hyaline Cartilage Most common cartilage in humans Composed of Abundant collagen fibers Rubbery matrix Fibers are masked by glassy, purplish ground substance ENTIRE FETAL SKELETON IS HYALINE CARTILAGE

Elastic Cartilage Provides elasticity Lots of Chondrocytes are visible – cartilage cells Example: supports the external ear (pinna)

Fibrocartilage Highly compressible Not as dense as dense connective – some space between the fibers Chondrocytes are visible – look like “little eyes” Example: forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae

Dense Connective Tissue Main matrix element is collagen fibers Cells are fibroblasts Hardly any space between fibers – very dense Examples Tendons- attaches muscle to bone ligaments - attaches bone to bone

Areolar Connective Tissue Most widely distributed connective tissue Soft, pliable tissue Contains all fiber types Can soak up excess fluids to prevent edema (fluid accumulation)

Adipose Tissue (Fat) Matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate Many cells contain large lipid deposits Functions Insulates the body Protects some organs Long-term energy storage

Reticular Connective Tissue Delicate network of interwoven fibers Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs; lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow

Blood Tissue Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix (plasma) Fibers are visible during clotting Functions as the transport vehicle for materials

One or more cells that secretes a particular product Endocrine Gland- ductless and secretion are hormones Exocrine Gland- empty through ducts to the epithelial surface; includes sweat and oil glands Glands One or more cells that secretes a particular product