Chapter 18, Section 1 10/3/11: Monday WWI Breaks Out Chapter 18, Section 1 10/3/11: Monday

Why do wars usually begin?

I. MAIN causes of the War Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

A. Militarism Definition: glorification of military strength Race in arms Bigger Better weapons

B. Alliances Nations forming alliances with other nations Minor incident trigger major problems

Alliances Triple Alliance: Austria-Hungary, Italy, Germany Triple Entente: Britain, France, Russia

Why would a country want colonies? Imperialism The Quest for colonial empires Why would a country want colonies? Markets Natural resources Strategic locations

C. Imperialism Competition for territories overseas Reclaiming what was rightfully theirs

D. Nationalism Ethnic groups wanting independence Example: Ottoman Empire (Turkey) Albanians Greeks Romanians Slavs

II. The War Breaks Out

A. Assassination of a Duke How does a 19-year old start a World War?

Archduke Franz Ferdinand (A-H) visited Bosnia Gavrilo Princip shot Franz and his wife Austria Hungary (A-H) declared war on Serbia

Domino A-H Serbia A-H and Germany are like Serbia and Russia are like France and Russia are like

B. The Teams Central Powers Allied Powers Germany Britain Austria-Hungary Ottoman Emp. Bulgaria Allied Powers Britain France Russia

starter: Pick one of the MAIN causes and explain how it helped to start WWI

C. Germany’s Plan Massive Strike against France and G.B. then worry about Russia ( 2 front war) Schlieffan Plan: German forces invade France via Belgium

Early WWI Strategy and Response Central Powers Allied Powers Early Strategy Allied Response

Reading: Preparedness (pg. 585) FRANCE GERMANY

D. First Battle First Battle of the Marne (France) Central pushed allies back to Marne River Only to get pushed back by the allies Both realized this is going to be a LONG WAR

III. The War Reaches a Stalemate

A. Trenches Long Ditches stretching for miles Used as a type of defense In the middle between 2 trenches No Man’s Land Caused a Stalemate among the Allies and Central Powers

B. New Weapons Poisonous gas Motorized armored Tank Airplanes Aces – Pilots Baron Manfred von Richthofen (RED BARON)

Trench Foot

WWI Tanks

Casualties From Gas - The Numbers Country Total Casualties Death Austria-Hungary 100,000 British Empire 188,706 France 190,000 Germany 200,000 Italy 60,000 Russia 419,340 USA 72,800 Others 10,000

United States Goes to War Section 2

I U.S. Stays Neutral Remained Neutral in action Population though choosing sides Why?

U.S. still affected by war British and German forces searched U.S. ships Naval Blockade to warring nations Dangerous to travel

II. Sinking of the Lusitania British Passenger ship 128 American passengers German U-boat sunk Lusitania Germans believed it was carrying weapons

Germans “warned” Americans not to board the boat

III. Road to War A) Other Ships Sunk B) Sussex Pledge Arabic (2 Americans) Sussex (injuring several Am.) B) Sussex Pledge Promise made by Germany not to sink liners without ensuring the passengers’ safety

C) Choosing Sides While Neutral Lent money to British and France Traded war materials with Allies

D) Preparedness Wilson launched a “preparedness” program National Defense Act – Increased # of soldiers in the army, navy, and Nat. Guard

IV. Going To War Germans Sank 5 American Merchants ships Message intercepted from German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann Zimmerman Note – Germans would help Mexico regain lost territory in South U.S.

April 2, 1917 Wilson addressed Congress for declaration of war

Activity: Decode the following Message

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