The Road to World War II Reichstag celebrating the annexation of Austria (left). Sudeten German saluting the German army (below). Signing of Nazi-Soviet Pact (below). German soldiers in Warsaw, Poland (below).

Events leading to WWII 1935 Hitler reinstitutes the military draft in Germany breaking the Versailles Treaty 1936 Hitler sends the German Army into the Rhineland (bordering France & Belgium) breaking the Versailles Treaty. France & Britain object but do nothing. Berlin Olympics a showcase for Germany’s Aryan athletes

1938 Events leading to WWII Germany annexes (adds or takes over) Austria Hitler demands the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia that bordered Germany) or else war Munich Conference- France & Great Britain agree to give Hitler the Sudetenland in return Hitler promises not to seek any more territory in Europe Appeasement- giving into aggression to avoid war Munich Conference

1939 Events leading to WWII March- Germany takes the rest of Czechoslovakia. May- Germany & Italy sign pact of steel alliance Great Britain & France warn Hitler not to take any more land or it will be war. August- Nazi-Soviet Pact: Germany & Soviet Union (Russia) agree not to fight each other and will divide Poland in half.

Nazi Aggression in Europe

1939 Events leading to WWII September 1st- Germany invades Poland starting WWII in Europe as a result France & Britain declare war on Germany End of September Poland is defeated. Germany & Soviet Union divide up Poland. Blitzkreig- ‘Lightning War’ All out military offensive used by Germany that combines land, sea, and air attack to overwhelm the enemy.

World War II: The 2 Sides The Axis- Germany Italy Japan The Allies- France Great Britain China Soviet Union* *Joined June 1941 United States** ** Joined on December 7, 1941 with Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Cartoon showing the Axis powers carving up the world

Holocaust: Key Terms Define the terms using the following website: https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/wiesenthal_glossary.html Ghetto- Judenrat- Jewish Badge- Collaborator-

Nazi Occupied Europe Holocaust Terms Ghetto- A run down area of a city used by the Nazis to confine and isolate Jewish people from the rest of society. Mainly used in Eastern Europe (Poland) before the expansion of the concentration camp system. Judenrat- ‘Jewish Council’ They were put in charge of the ghettos by the Nazis. They had to provide the Nazis with laborers and enforce the Nazis rules for the ghetto. Jewish Badge- Usually a yellow star of David. Jewish people throughout Nazi occupied Europe were required to wear it. Collaborator- A person who aids or helps the enemy. They helped the Nazis carry out the Holocaust even though they were not German.

Euthanasia Nazi phrase for the deliberate killings of physically, mentally, and emotionally handicapped people. The euthanasia program began in 1939, with German non-Jews as the first victims. The program was later extended to Jews.

Operation Babarossa The code name for the German invasion of the Soviet Union which began on June 22, 1941.

Einsatzgruppen Mobile killing squads of SS that followed the German army into Poland in 1939 and the Soviet Union in June,1941. Their task was to kill all Jews and others considered undesirable by the Nazis. They were supported by Ukrainian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Estonian volunteers. The victims were executed by mass shootings and buried in unmarked mass graves; later, the bodies were dug up and burned to cover evidence of what had occurred.

Partisans Irregular forces which use guerrilla tactics when operating in enemy-occupied territory. During the Holocaust, partisans operated secretly in their efforts to assist Jews and others persecuted by the Nazis.

Gypsy A collective term for Romani and Sinti. A nomadic people believed to have come originally from northwest India. They were considered enemies of the state by the Nazis and persecuted relentlessly. Approximately 500,000 Gypsies are believed to have perished in the gas chambers.

Bystander One who is present at some event without participating in it.