INDIA@COP22 Climate Change and Health in Indian Cities: Modeling the Impacts of Heat And Air Pollution and Potential Co-Benefits From Mitigation and Adaptation Sangeeta Baksi, Scientist-E Sustainable Lifestyle = Positive Climate Action www.indiaatcop22.org

Climate Change and Health impact INDIA@COP22 Climate Change and Health impact There is worldwide consideration on the potential health impacts from global climate change. Three kinds of health impacts have been identified: Relatively direct impacts, usually caused by weather extremes Consequences of environmental change and ecological disruption in response to climatic change Consequences that occur when populations are demoralised and displaced by the following climate change induced factors: economic dislocation, environmental decline and conflict situations including traumatic, infectious, nutritional, psychological and other health consequences. www.indiaatcop22.org

Climate Change and Health impact INDIA@COP22 Climate Change and Health impact Changes in the climate affect the air we breathe both indoors and outdoors. Warmer temperatures and shifting weather patterns can worsen air quality, which can lead to asthma attacks and other respiratory and cardiovascular health effects. Fine particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers emitted directly or may be formed in the atmosphere from chemical reactions of gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and volatile organic compounds. Particulate matter (PM) – known to affect morbidity and mortality Weather extremes threatens agriculture productivity and food secirity www.indiaatcop22.org

Key Facts INDIA@COP22 India's gross domestic product has increased 2.5 times over the past two decades, vehicular pollution has increased eight times, while pollution from industries has quadrupled. According to WHO, Delhi is one of the top ten most polluted cities in the world. Apart from Delhi, the other major polluting metros are Mumbai and Calcutta. The CO, SO2 and NOx in the ambient air of India are above the WHO safe limit. The total urban air pollution of SO2 and NOx from major cities in India are 300 micrograms per cubic meter and 250 microgram per cubic meter during 2004 (World Development Report, 2005). Emissions threaten the wellbeing of city dwellers, imposing not only a direct economic cost for human health but also reducing long term productivity of the population www.indiaatcop22.org

INDIA@COP22 Key Facts Recently a report from MoEF&CC has identified 51 cities that do not meet the prescribed Respirable Particulate Matter(RSPM) levels, specified under the National Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS). Outdoor air pollution is among the top ten risk factors in India. 670,000 deaths could be attributed to outdoor air pollution alone AAP major cause of child morbidity Life expectancy to decrease by 5-6 years Monetary values to health outcomes find that health costs of urban air pollution in India is ~US$ 1.4 billion  www.indiaatcop22.org

INDIA@COP22 Developments Needed Sustainable urban transport – could cut heart disease and stroke by up to 20%. Improved stoves could save 2 million lives over 10 years in India alone, and reduce warming from black carbon. Health benefits from actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions could substantially offset mitigation costs. GAINS India Cities already developed by NEERI and IIASA Policy Intervention to concentrate on specific variables defined in the process of development as the key policy elements. To provide multiple options for air pollution control To account for short term climate forcers in decision making of appropriate control option To achieve sustainable development www.indiaatcop22.org

Managing future air quality in Delhi INDIA@COP22 Agenda for Discussion Focus of Discussion key risks associated with future heat-related mortality as well as air pollution for India Deliberate on present issues of climate impact on different sectors and how state could be involved in tackling concerns related to health and air quality How data for estimating air pollutants and GHG emissions in Indian cities help design a flexible model framework considering specific local circumstances How the health of people can be protected against climate change and air pollution through better policy alignment Topic for Discussion Technology Vision 2035 and relevant health technologies for mitigation and adaptation Managing future air quality in Delhi Estimating Contribution of Precursors of Short Lived Climate Forcer to Climate Change in Some Urban Areas of India Impact of current policies on future air quality and health outcomes in Delhi, India www.indiaatcop22.org

Thank you! But there is still hope and a world of opportunities to INDIA@COP22 But there is still hope and a world of opportunities to Save our Planet and Save ourselves for our children Sustainable use of resources Protecting the green cover Reducing emissions Controlled usage of water Spread awareness on healthcare Thank you! Email: sangeetabaksi@gmail.com www.indiaatcop22.org Source: WHO (2016)