A Return to Normalcy p.48 What were the political, social, and economic impacts of World War I? To what extent did WWI change the US?

Normalcy in Government -1920 election of Warren G. Harding and the simpler days before the war -Isolationist Policies: (remaining out of foreign affairs) -Washington Conferences proposed disarmament major nations agree to reduce arms -Kellogg-Briand Treaty, 1929 outlawed war -New high tariff returned U.S. to isolationist position: Fordney-McCumber Tariff, made it nearly impossible to sell goods to Britain and France -Nativist policies (anti-immigration) -discriminatory quota system established -National Origins Act, 1921 limits immigrants from outside Western Europe

Labor Unrest -working conditions: long hours, low wages, harsh conditions, employees not allowed to unionize -wartime inflation: cost of living doubled -technological unemployment machines replace people -strikes Boston Police strike: wanted living wage b/c standard of living had doubled, strike put down by scabs U.S. Steel strike: wanted a Union, harsh conditions revealed, given 8 hr workday, but no Union Coal Miners Strike: led by John L. Lewis, closed mines, Pres. Wilson settled dispute, received higher pay, but not shorter hours -labor unions weaken: immigrants willing to work for less, language barriers makes organizing difficult, African-Americans excluded Open Shop system: not required to join union = decreased numbers Welfare capitalism employer offered benefits

The Red Scare -Russian Revolution, 1917 Vladimir Lenin—leader of Bolsheviks Communists,, gov’t control over property cry of worldwide revolution overthrow capitalism -Red Scare: fear of Communism U.S. Communist Party, IWW -

RESPONSE TO The Red Scare -Palmer Raids Mitchell Palmer J.Edgar Hoover violations of civil liberties: radicals and suspected communist were sought out -Sacco and Vanzetti anarchist immigrants accused of murder and executed Fear of foreigners! -Growth of the Klan: revived, acted against anyone who was different RESPONSE TO The Red Scare

When I came to America, I thought I was free to believe what I wanted, and that it did not matter where I came from. Well, I have come to realize that I was wrong. I have been accused of a robbery and a murder that I did not commit. Yes, everyone may not like me, but accused me of a crime, because of my background, that is wrong. I am suffering because I am a radical, and indeed I am a radical. I have suffered because I am an Italian, and indeed, I am an Italian. My political thoughts and my background are different, but I should not suffer for being a thief and a murderer because I am not. American justice, you call this justice? It is just the opposite. I shall be executed, and there’s nothing I can do about it. I have not been dealt a fair trial. I thought that in America things were supposed to be fair. Maybe my death will mean something to someone.

Harding and Coolidge -Prosperity returns to the United States -Harding made some good and bad appointment choices Herbert Hoover Ohio Gang President’s poker playing buddies from back home -Teapot Dome Scandal gov’t owned oil rich lands leased out to private oil companies for far less than their value, Ohio-gang pocketed profit -Harding and administration are embarrassed, -Harding dies in Office and Calvin Coolidge replaces him and wins re-election “Keep Cool with Coolidge” “Do Nothing Cal” Coolidge is pro-business and favors laissez-faire policies “The chief business of the American people is business.”

What was the Red Scare that America experienced after the war? a. The passage of the 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote. b. The series of labor union strikes after the war. c. The realization that millions of people had died during the war effort. d. The suspicions placed on any socialist after the communist Revolution

. What did a “return to normalcy” in foreign relations mean after the war? a. America was beginning to get involved in world affairs. b. We would return to our support for the League of Nations. c. The U.S. would return to its isolationist policies. d. We would punish any socialist who threatened our system.

Which of these scandals occurred during President Hardings administration? a. Teapot Dome b. Watergate c. Iran-Contra d. Whitewater

The famous court case of Sacco and Vanzetti involved what issues? a. Freedom of speech during wartime. b. Clear and Present Danger c. Radicals and Immigrants in the U.S. d. Segregation of whites and blacks.

What did the National Origins Act really do? a. It required that all Americans register their background with the gov’t. b. It required that all foreigners in the U.S. return to their homelands. c. It set up a system to restrict immigration from certain nations. d. It established an equal quota on immigration from all countries.

ACTIVITY A Return to Normalcy Review Goal 8 Study Guide TEST TOMORROW!