Earth Earth has a magnetic field Earth’s shape is a sphere which is largest at the equator

Rotation – Earth rotates on its axis Earth rotates once every 24 hours (23 hours 56 minutes) Earth rotates counterclockwise (This makes it appear that that Sun rises in the East) This causes day and night

Revolution – along with tilt, causes seasons Earth revolves around the Sun about every 365 days. (365 .25 days) The shape of the orbit is an ellipse. Earth is closest to the Sun on Jan 3 Earth is farthest from the Sun on July 4 Earth is a satellite of the Sun (since it orbits the Sun)

Tilt Earth’s axis is tilted on a 23.5 degree tilt. Tilt – along with revolution, causes seasons When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, it is Summer in the northern hemisphere Days are longer, there is more radiation, temperature is warmer.

Solstice Summer occurs when the Sun is at its greatest distance north of the Equator. The date is June 21. This is the first day of Summer. Days are longer. The Sun shines on the Tropic of Cancer, which is at 23.5 degrees N.

SOLSTICE: when the sun reaches it’s greatest Distance north or south of the equator Winter: December 21 or 22 (shortest day) sun is over Tropic of Capricorn Summer: June 21 or 22 (longest day): sun is over Tropic of Cancer

Solstice ________ occurs when the Sun is at its greatest distance south of the Equator. The date is ___________. This is the first day ________. Days are shorter. The Sun shines on the Tropic of ____________, which is at ______ S.

EQUInox: when the sun is directly above the equator: EQUAL number of hours of daylight and night all over the Earth. Spring: March 20 or 21 Fall: September 22 or 23

Equinox (equal day/night) Occur when the Sun shines directly on the Equator. The dates are March 21 and Sept 22. Daylight and darkness both last _____ hours. The first day of ______ and ________ occur on these dates.

Moon The Moon is a satellite of the Earth since it revolves (orbits) around the earth. Rotates approximately at the same speed as it revolves – we always see the same side of the moon. (_______ days) Moon shines because light ______ from the _______.

Phases Phase depends on position of Earth, Moon and Sun Waxing: gets bigger Waning : _______ _______ Crescent: less than half Gibbous: _____ _____ half Lighted side is always facing the Sun

Draw and Label a full Lunar Cycle

(2 weeks)

Eclipses Lunar Eclipse – during a _____ moon phase MUST be lined up in this order: Sun – Earth – Moon Earth blocks the sunlight from reaching Moon

Eclipse - Lunar

Eclipse - Lunar

Eclipses Solar Eclipse – during a _____ moon phase MUST be lined up in this order: Sun – Moon – Earth Moon blocks the sunlight from reaching Earth

Penumbra The Moon's faint outer shadow. The Moon's dark inner shadow. Total solar eclipses are visible from within the umbral shadow. Penumbra The Moon's faint outer shadow.

Eclipse PENUMBRA UMBRA

Eclipse - Solar

Seasons Page 641 In order to understand why we have seasons, you must understand how the Earth works. Rotates: every 24 hours, from west to east, on its AXIS (sun rises in the East) Axis: imaginary line around which the Earth spins (tilted at 23.5 degrees) Revolves: around the sun every 365.25 days

The TILT of the AXIS causes the seasons The TILT of the AXIS causes the seasons. The amount of daylight that hits the earth, causes heat build up. Daylight is long for the hemisphere facing the sun. The angle of radiation hitting the earth also makes a difference. Winter Summer Summer Winter

What months are in which seasons? Spring Summer Fall Winter

What months are in which seasons? Spring March April May Summer June July August Fall September October November Winter December January February

Fill in the blank Rotation causes _______ Tilt of the axis causes _____ Revolution causes _____ A day Seasons A year

Distances The distance from the Earth to the Sun DOES NOT determine seasons or temperature. We are closest to the sun on January 3 (147 million km – winter) (perihelion) We are farthest from the sun on July 4 (152 million km – summer) (aphelion)

What causes tides? Tides are created because the Earth and the moon are attracted to each other, just like magnets are attracted to each other. The moon tries to pull at anything on the Earth to bring it closer. But, the Earth is able to hold onto everything except the water. Since the water is always moving, the Earth cannot hold onto it, and the moon is able to pull at it.

How do the effects of the sun and the moon affect tide? The gravitational pull of the moon tugs on the surface of the ocean until its surface mounds up and outward in the direction of the moon. When the mound of water has reached its highest point it is called high tide. On the side of the earth opposite the moon, the centrifugal force caused by the earth’s rotation produces another mound of water and high tide on the opposite side of the earth. Somewhere in between these two high tides are two flat areas on the surface of the ocean, these are low tides.

Moon’s pull on tides is stronger because the moon is closer to the earth.

High Tide Low Tide, same place

DRAW AND LABEL THIS Right angle alignment High tides are LOWER New moon High tides are HIGHER Straight line alignment Full moon