Periodic Table Properties

S Block elements (groups 1 and 2) The elements in S blocks are reactive metals This means: because the S block element contain 1 electron in their highest occupied energy level the element can “lose” that electron very easily (reactivity) S Block elements (groups 1 and 2)

Alkali Metals (group 1) Group 1 elements are Alkali metals. Alkali metals – all in this group are silvery in appearance and soft enough to cut with a knife, and melt at lower temperatures. Because they are very reactive alkali metals will combine easily with other elements and are not found in nature as free elements. Contain 1 electron in the highest energy level ( 1 valence electron) Alkali Metals (group 1)

special case classification Hydrogen (H) does not share the same properties as group 1 elements, even though it has only 1 electron in the s orbital Hydrogen

Alkaline-Earth Metals ( group 2 ) Highly reactive Group 2 metals are harder, denser, stronger, and have a higher melting point than alkali metals. Contain 2 electrons in highest occupied energy level. ( 2 valence electrons) . Alkaline-Earth Metals ( group 2 )

Alkaline-Earth Metals ( group 2 ) These metals are also reactive but not as much as the alkali metals (group 1) Alkaline-Earth metals are too reactive to be found in nature as free elements. Alkaline-Earth Metals ( group 2 )

Helium (He) does not share the same properties as group two but does have 2 electrons in the s orbital. Helium does have the same properties as the other noble gases and is shown in group 18 on most periodic tables. Helium

The P block elements (groups 13-18) Electrons add to the P sublevel only after the S sublevels are filled. The P block elements with the S block elements are called the MAIN-GROUP ELEMENTS. The P block elements (groups 13-18)

For atoms in the P block elements, the total number of electrons in the highest occupied level is equal to the group number minus 10. For example: Br is in group 17, 17 – 10 = 7 electrons in its highest energy level. P block continued

P block continued Halogens – elements in group 17 Halogens are the most reactive nonmetals. React vigorously with metals to form salt compounds. Their reactivity is based on having 7 electrons in the highest energy level P block continued

Harder and denser than the s block alkaline-earth metals, but softer and less dense than d block metals. Can be found in nature as compounds. When obtained as a free metal they are stable in the presence of air. Metals of P block

Semiconducting elements Mostly brittle solids with some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals. Metalloids can conduct heat and electricity but not as well as metals Metalloids

Good conductors of electricity and have a high luster(shine) Less reactive than alkali metals, and alkaline-earth metals Exist in nature as free elements Palladium, platinum and gold are among the least reactive of all the elements D block elements

Lanthanides and Actinides Lanthanides are shiny metals similar in reactivity to the group 2 alkaline-earth metals Actinides are all radioactive. The 1st four have been found in nature, the remaining are known only as laboratory made element (man made) Lanthanides and Actinides