Chapter 3 ROD PUMPS PTRT 2432 – 01 Vern Wilson ARTIFICIAL LIFT Chapter 3 ROD PUMPS PTRT 2432 – 01 Vern Wilson
Barnett Shale Production
Baby Pumping Unit - Luling
Setting Sun
Lufkin Mark II
Typical Pumping Tree
Typical Clean Pumping Tree
Objectives Sucker rod operation Beam pumping unit Counterbalance Fluid pounding Gas locking Pneumatic pump PCP Advantages
Pumping Unit
Large Pumping Unit
COMPLETE SYSTEM Perfs and reservroir PSN and BHP Pull tube to rods Stuffing box Flow Tee – flow line and chemicals Polish Rod Bridle, hangar and clamp Horsehead to walking beam to Pitman Arms to Crank Arms Gear Box and Torque Power
Geometry
Stuffing Box
Stuffing Box
Double Stuffing Box Click on next slide Click on Animations Click on Preview
Plungers
Balls and Seats
Cages
Barrels
Polish Rod Clamps
Bridle, Clamp and Horsehead
Hold Down Seal Assemblies
Sucker Rod Guides
Hollow Rod
Wyoming Oilfield
Travis Peak Pumper East TX
Comparison Pics
East Texas Oilfield
OTHER UNITS Pneumatic Units – Power cylinders lift rods Hydraulic Units – Long 20 foot strokes Cable wind Units – 20 to 80 foot stroke lengths
Advantages of Rod Systems 1) Very common 2) Wide range of applications 3) Reliable 4) Easy to analyze 5) Hi Temp or viscous oil can be pumped 6) Treating is easy 7) Various power sources 8) High salvage value
Disadvantages of Rod Systems 1) No good in crooked holes 2) Depth and volume limitations 3) High GOR or high paraffin causes problems 4) High profile 5) Heavy weight for offshore use 6) Pulling unit not always available
WELL TEST Single phase flow – direct pressure relationship Drawdown – Production = PI (Pr – Pwf) = Barrels per day PI = Bbls/day/psi – constant PI = Bbls per day / (Pr – Pwf) Example: PI = 200 BOPD / (4000 – 3000) = 0.2 bbl/day/psi Therefore at 1000 psi Pwf the flow would be 600 BOPD
ADVANTAGES Most common Wide range – oil to gas Produce to depletion – BACK PRESSURE VALVES Reliable Relatively easy to analyze Hi or Lo API Hi or Lo Temp Electricity or gas driven
DISADVANTAGES Not suitable for crooked holes – roller rods etc. High GOR Sand Paraffin Unsightly Weight - especially offshore Requires a pulling unit
Back Pressure Valves
Fluid Level Video
Dynamometer Surface Unit
Dynamometers Downhole
Gear Box
Gear Box
Gear Box through inspection plate Herringbone Gears – Double Reduction
Gear Box Single Reduction
Dynamometer Read Out
Before and After
Mark II
Power Sources for Pump Jacks
Gas Compressors – Beam mount
Heavy Duty Rod w/ Dynamometer
Hybrid PU
Dongying Dayang – Belt Unit Max T = 53 Max L = 30’ Max SPM = 4
Hybrid PU The advantages of a pumping unit with a slow long stroke with constant rod velocity for pumping deep, troublesome, high volume and heavy oil wells are well known. The proven reliability in the basic design principle of the Dura-Lift system means less wear on pumps, rod strings and tubing.
Hybrid Base Unit
Brush and Seal Hold Down Can release a friction hold down by preventing sand to stick it in place in the PSN
PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPS
Progressive Cavity - PCP ROTOR Chrome plated steel external helix STATOR Synthetic elastomer
PCP Driver – Stamper - Luling
PCP Driver
PCP Motor and Driver
PCP Pump
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PCP Installation In a typical installation, the rotor is connected to the rod string, while the stator is run on the end of the production tubing The eccentric rotation of the rotor within the stator causes a series of sealed cavities to form. These cavities move progressively from the suction end to the discharge end of the pump body. As each cavity diminishes in size, another increases in size at the same rate. the total cross-sectional area of the cavities is constant. This results in a continuous, non-pulsating, positive displacement of fluid.
Formation Sand from PCP Well
PCP Advantages 1) Low power cost 2) Pumps high viscous fluids 3) Can handle sand 4) Low profile Disadvantages: 1) Limited to 4000 feet 2) 400 BTFPD max 3) Not well known
Luling Pumping Unit
Pumping in Wyoming
East Texas Pumping Unit
East Texas
Homework Submit Self Test Chapter 4 Page 48