Mineral Groups Section 5.4
Mineral Groups Silicates (SiO) Carbonates (CaCO) Halides (F, Br, Cl, I) Oxides (O + metal) Sulfides (S + metal) Sulfates (S + O) Native Minerals (single elements)
Which Elements Make up the Earth’s crust? the top 8 #1 Oxygen #2 Silicon #3 Aluminum #4 Iron #5 Calcium #6 Sodium #7 Potassium #8 Magnesium
How can these 8 elements be the most abundant in the Earth’s crust? Essential Question: How can these 8 elements be the most abundant in the Earth’s crust? Oxygen (a gas) and Silicon (a metalloid) are the #1 and #2 most abundant elements in the earth’s crust?
How can it be that… #1 element in Earth’s crust is OXYGEN (a gas) and #2 element in Earth’s crust is SILICON (a metalloid) And Earth’s crust is SOLID ? The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (SiO4)- ion (Shape)
The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (SiO4)- ion Combines with many +ions in many structures to form many different silicate minerals. Show the GeoDe CD-ROM lesson on mineral groups
Silicates Group and Examples The largest group of minerals (90% of all rock forming minerals are silicates!) Feldspar (K,Ca,Na)AlSi3O8 Quartz, SiO2 silica sand
Other Silicates Olivine (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 Zircon ZrSiO4 Topaz Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 Beryl (emerald) Be3Al2Si6O18 Mica KAl2(AlSi3)O10 K Feldspar KAlSi3O8 Talc Mg3Si4O10
Silicates are divided by color Ferromagnesium Iron or magnesium metal Non-ferromagnesium Does NOT contain iron or magnesium
Other mineral groups The CARBONATES Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Calcite is pure calcium carbonate Limestone Dolomite
Halides Halides contain chlorine, fluorine, bromine F, Cl, Br, I Common examples include salt (halite) NaCl fluorite (our state mineral) CaF2
Oxides Oxide minerals are made up of oxygen and one or more metals. Hematite: is an iron oxide, of Fe2O3 Hematite is used in pigments and as an iron ore. Limonite, another iron oxide, Fe2O3 (nH2O) Fe3O4 Hematite Fe2O3
Sulfides Sulfide minerals contain sulfur and a metal Pyrite: iron and sulfur FeS2 It is used in sulfuric acid, explosives, fertilizers and insecticides. Galena: lead and sulfur PbS It is used in auto batteries, solder, ammunition, and paint.
Sulfates Sulfate minerals contain sulfur and oxygen (SO4) combined with other elements. • Common sulfate minerals include: gypsum CaSO4 used in drywall and plaster of paris barite BaSO4 used in paint, paper and textiles
Native Minerals
1. CaCO3 2. Cu2O 3. FeCO3 4. Al2O3 5. SiO2 6. PbS 7. FeO2 8. (Mg)2SiO4 Mineral Group Specific gravity High or low IF a silicate, Ferromagnesian or Non-ferromagnesian 1. CaCO3 2. Cu2O 3. FeCO3 4. Al2O3 5. SiO2 6. PbS 7. FeO2 8. (Mg)2SiO4 9. CaSO4 10. BaSO4 11. CaMg(CO3)2 12. Fe3O4
Bell work: (a.k.a.) the week in review What 5 characteristics do all minerals have? List 3 properties to identify minerals (ID Lab): 90% of minerals contain this compound name this molecule 3. What is this mineral? 4. What’s the most abundant element in the earth’s crust?
5-4-3-2-1 Home work! List the 5 characteristics of a mineral Describe 4 factors and how they effect crystal size Describe 3 ways that mineral form Diagram 2 polymorph forms of carbon Name the 1 most abundant mineral group in the earth’s crust