Umm Al-Qura University بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Umm Al-Qura University Health Sciences College at Al-Leith Department of Public Health Lecture (5)

Leishmania parasites

Objectives 1/ Know of Leishmania parasites classification and Geographical distribution. 2/ Study of Leishmania parasites External Morphology, Habitat, Life cycle, Mode of Transmission, Pathogenicity. 3/ Show Symptoms of Leishmaniasis disease. 4/ Show Laboratory diagnosis of Leishmania parasites . 5/ Know Treatment and prevention.

Leishmaniasis The Leishmaniases are diseases caused by protozoan parasites from more than 20 Leishmania species that are transmitted to humans by the bites of infected female phlebotomine sandflies.

Sand fly

داء الليشمانيا Leishmaniasis) )

Leishmaniasis The Leishmaniases are diseases caused by protozoan parasites from more than 20 Leishmania species that are transmitted to humans by the bites of infected female phlebotomine sandflies.

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There are three main forms of the disease: 1- cutaneous leishmaniasis, 2- visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar, and 3- mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.

1- Visceral 300 000Estimated cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and over 20 000 deaths annually 2- Cutaneous 1 millionCases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) reported in the last 5 years. 3- At risk 310 millionPeople at risk of infection in six countries reporting over 90% VL cases worldwide.

Burden and distribution cutaneous Leishmaniasis have affected different parts Afghanistan and the Syrian Arab Republic. visceral Leishmaniasis in East Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan and Sudan) have caused high morbidity and mortality in affected communities.

الطفيل في الانسان

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis:

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

Visceral Leishmaniasis:

Symptoms Symptoms of cutaneous leishmaniasis: Breathing difficulty. Skin sores. Stuffy nose, runny nose, and nosebleeds Swallowing difficulty Ulcers in the mouth, tongue, gums, lips, nose, and inner nose

Symptoms visceral infection in children: Cough. Diarrhea. Fever. Vomiting. Abdominal discomfort. Night sweats Scaly, gray, dark, ashen skin Thinning hair Weight loss

Diagnosis

Treatment Meglumine antimoniate Sodium stibogluconate Other drugs that may be used include: Amphotericin B Ketoconazole Miltefosine Paromomycin Pentamidine

Prevention and control Prevention and control of leishmaniasis requires a combination of intervention strategies because transmission occurs in a complex biological system involving the human host, parasite, sandfly vector and in some causes an animal reservoir host. Key strategies for prevention are listed below: 1-Early diagnosis and effective case management. 2- Vector control. 3- Effective disease surveillance. 4- Control of animal reservoir hosts. 5- Social mobilization and strengthening partnerships.

Bednet protection from sand flies Vector Control Bednet protection from sand flies 32

Thanks Radia 33