CHAPTER 29 COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL CAREERS Communicable Demographic Dependence Hallucination Immunization Pollution Vector Withdrawal Journal question: What are some symptoms of withdrawal?

Chapter 29 Learning Objectives Define at least eight terms relating to community and social health care. Describe the function of the community and social health care team.

Chapter 29 Learning Objectives Specify the role of the community and social health care team members, including personal qualities, educational requirements, responsibilities, and credentialing requirements. Identify at least six services provided by community health care agencies.

Chapter 29 Learning Objectives Specify the difference between physical and psychological drug dependency. Identify at least four signs and symptoms of withdrawal from an addictive substance.

Careers in Community and Social Health Care Primary goals of community and social health care workers Prevention of illness and injury Provision of care to a population Community and social care workers are involved in Search for the source of disease Use of technical and regulatory means to protect the population from environmental, social, and behavioral hazards

Community and Social Health Careers

Resources and Services for Domestic Violence Victims

Community and Social Career: Costs and Earnings

Community Health Providers Community nutrition worker Provides food and nutritional education through public health clinics and programs Screening patients to determine eligibility Testing blood Taking dietary histories Assessing vital signs Counseling on basic nutrition Education High school education and experience working with public or training in nutrition education Discuss with students why there would be a need for a “community nutrition worker” in communities .

Community Health Providers Caseworker supervisor Supervises and coordinates agency staff Assigns cases Education Graduate level plus social work experience

Community Health Providers Caseworker Provides counseling for children, parents, and foster parents Determines suitability of foster and adoption applicants and places children Education Bachelor’s degree in social work (master’s degree preferred) Ask students why they think it would be important for a caseworker to investigate physical and psychological home conditions to determine the need for intervention of the agency workers.

Community Health Providers Case assistant Works under the direction of the caseworker Assists patients in completing forms and applications Training On-the-job or vocational school training

Community Health Providers Attendant for children’s institutions Works under the supervision of the director Provides care for children who are in housed in city, county, private, or other institutions Assists the children in dressing Assists with feeding, schooling, and recreational activities Education High school diploma is preferred Attendants may be responsible for discipline when children misbehave.

Community Health Providers Child care attendant (school setting) Helps the disabled child perform tasks needed to attend classes Duties may include Transporting child Replacing braces or slings Helping with participation in activities Education High school graduate School attendants are usually employed by the school system.

Child Care Attendant FIGURE 29-3 A child care attendant assists with recreational activities.

Social Care Providers Health sociologist Identifies and explains social factors affecting care of patients Specializes in the study of the effect of social factors on disease Gathers and interprets data about the community Works in universities or the government Education Usually have a doctoral (PhD) degree Health sociologists are also called medical sociologists.

Social Care Providers Geriatric social worker (GSW) Provides assistance to the elderly in Hospitals Group homes Senior centers Hospice setting Long-term-care facilities Most states require licensure or certification. Education Bachelor’s or master’s degree in social work Discuss with students why most states require certification or licensure of a geriatric care worker.

Geriatric Social Worker FIGURE 29-4 Geriatric social workers help to improve quality of life for the elderly.

Social Care Providers Three levels of education for professional social workers Bachelor’s degree (BSW) Master’s degree (MSW) Doctoral degree (DSW) Certificate is available through the Academy of Certified Social Workers.

Social Care Providers Most social workers specialize in one area of practice. Child welfare Family counseling Corrections Aging Medical Psychiatric care A master’s or doctoral degree is usually required of social workers employed in mental health or medical environments.

Areas of Specialization for Social Workers Discuss each of the areas of specialization.

Social Care Providers Funeral directors Remove the deceased Prepare the remains Help to arrange services Most funeral directors are also licensed embalmers. Training requirements All states, except Colorado, require licensure. Most funeral directors complete an associate’s degree. Funeral directors may also be called morticians or undertakers.

Social Care Providers Counselor Works in a variety of settings Schools Rehabilitation agencies Mental health or correctional facilities Colleges Specializes in Marriage Family Career selection Grief Education Positions usually require a master’s degree Internship is needed for certification or licensure

Social Care Providers Vocational and rehabilitation counselor Assists disabled individuals and students to Identify career opportunities Learn a trade Helps disabled individual find employment Education Bachelor’s degree (entry-level) Master’s may be required Most vocational counselors work for state or local rehabilitation agencies and schools.

Social Care Providers Substance abuse counselor Specializes in treatment of drug or substance abuse Duties include Providing help for the abusers Implementing preventative programs Education or training as Psychologists Nurses Social workers Counselors

Commonly Abused Chemicals

Social Care Providers Child life specialist Focuses on the emotional and developmental needs of children by using the following to reduce the stress of illness and improve the child’s understanding of health care treatments Play therapy Activities Communication Education Bachelor’s degree in related fields Supervised field training Children do not have the emotional maturity to understand confinement, lack of privacy, separation from family, and pain resulting from tests and treatments.

Social Care Providers Social and human service assistant One of the fastest growing occupations between 2000 and 2010 Job duties depend on type of employment. Social work assistant Care management aide Community outreach worker May give care directly or indirectly Education or training No specific requirements Social and human services assistant may assess patient needs for benefits, arrange transportation, and organize group activities.

Substance Abuse Drug dependence or addiction Psychological dependence Physical dependence Withdrawal Hallucination Person may develop tolerance to the substance Person abuses drugs for many reasons: Desire to experience new sensations Relaxation Gain acceptance Escape boredom

Warning Signs of Inhalant Abuse

Substance Abuse Alcohol is the most commonly abused substance in the United States and a major medical problem. Treatment of alcoholism Detoxification Therapy to prevent drinking Treatment of symptoms is the first step, followed by treatment of mental disorders. Medication may be used to control mood and behavior.

Public Health Resources State services Immunization Sanitation Animal control Vital statistics Public health nursing services Referral services Air and water pollution control Vector control Food and drug control Community-sponsored blood testing Ask the students if they or anyone in their families have used any of the public health resources in their community. Discuss the resources that were used.

Federal Health Agencies Collect data and distribute demographic health statistics Support local and state agencies Organize and support disaster relief programs

Federal Health Agencies Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is the main organization for public health at the federal government level. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Provides programs that prevent and control communicable, vector-borne, and chronic illnesses Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Regulates foods, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics National Institutes of Health (NIH) Deals with research in determining the cause, treatment, and methods of prevention of diseases Discuss how the CDC is different from the NIH.

Performance Instruction Licensed personnel perform most of the duties because of the legal and privacy rights of people seeking care. Entry-level worker provides assistance under the supervision of licensed personnel.

Summary The functions of the community and social health care team are to prevent illness and provide care for a population. The roles of community and social health care workers are to search for the origin of disease and regulate potential sources of illness and injury.

Summary Services provided by community health care agencies include providing food, counselling, screening, examination, testing, and placement. The difference between physical and psychological drug dependency is that physical dependence results from the body needing a substance, whereas psychological dependence is a state of mind.

Summary Signs and symptoms of withdrawal from an addictive substance include nervousness, trembling, sweating, cramps, and hallucination.

Review What is the main organization for public health care at the federal level? a. Department of Education b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention c. Food and Drug Administration d. National Institutes of Health e. Department of Health and Human Services

Review What is the main organization for public health care at the federal level? a. Department of Education b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention c. Food and Drug Administration d. National Institutes of Health e. Department of Health and Human Services

Review Euphoria is: a. Loss of time b. A state of feeling well c. A condition of uncontrolled sleep d. A state of sleep e. An increase in nourishment

Review Euphoria is: a. Loss of time b. A state of feeling well c. A condition of uncontrolled sleep d. A state of sleep e. An increase in nourishment