Chapter Three Federalism.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter Three Federalism

Governmental Structure Federalism: a political system where local government units can make final decisions regarding some governmental activities and whose existence is protected Unitary System: local governments are subservient to the national government Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 3.1: Lines of Power in Three Systems of Government Insert figure 3.1, but just the drawing of the federal system (the one in the middle) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 3.1: Lines of Power in Three Systems of Government Insert figure 3.1, but just the drawing of the federal system (the one in the middle) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 3.1: Lines of Power in Three Systems of Government Insert figure 3.1, but just the drawing of the federal system (the one in the middle) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Federalism: A Bold New Plan No historical precedent Tenth Amendment was added as an afterthought to clarify the limits of the national government’s power Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

McCulloch v. Maryland Could Congress charter a national bank? Yes, even though this power is not explicitly in the Constitution (Necessary and Proper Clause) Could states tax the national bank? No, because “the power to tax is the power to destroy” Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Federalism Over Time Dual federalism: Both national and state governments are supreme in their own spheres, which should be kept separate Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Grants in Aid Dramatically increased in scope in 20th century Grants were attractive to state officials for various reasons Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Categorical Grants Categorical grants for specific purposes defined by federal law; often require local matching funds Block grants devoted to general purposes with few restrictions—states preferred block to categorical grants Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Federal Aid and Federal Control Conditions of aid: tell state governments what they must do if they wish to receive grant money Mandates: federal rules that states or localities must obey, generally have little or nothing to do with federal aid Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.