Energy Management: 2016/17 The Energetic Balance of a Country II Prof. Tânia Sousa taniasousa@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

Energy Accounting Framework: Transformation Energy flows considered for each individual fuel or energy type

Energy Accounting Framework: Transformation Main flows considered in the energy transformation sector: How do you obtain energy for final consumption?

Conversion Processes (Fossil Fuels) Oil Crude oil & intermediate products are consumed for: Fuels (Refineries) Non-energetic Materials (Refineries)

Conversion Processes (Fossil Fuels) What is the mean efficiency in producing refined fuels? 𝜼=𝟗𝟖.𝟒%

Conversion Processes (Fossil Fuels) Fueloil Fueloil is produced in the refineries

Conversion Processes (Fossil Fuels) Fueloil Electricity Fueloil Power Plant, Setúbal

Conversion Processes (Fossil Fuels) Fueloil Electricity Electricity & Heat (Cogeneration)

Energy Accounting Framework: Transformation What is the mean efficiency in producing thermoelectricity? Meaning ?

Energy Accounting Framework: Transformation What is the mean efficiency in producing thermoelectricity? Thermoelectricity produced with coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, urban waste and biogas Coal used to produce electricity

Energy Accounting Framework: Transformation What is the mean efficiency in producing thermoelectricity? Thermoelectricity produced with coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, urban waste and biogas Coal used to produce electricity 𝜼=𝟒𝟎%

Energy Accounting Framework: Transformation What is the efficiency in producing electricity from urban waste in 2008? ValorSul 286 GWh Lipor 191 GWh ValorAmbiente 53 GWh What is the efficiency in producing electricity from coal? ENERGETIC BALANCE TOE   Coal Oil Natural Gas Thermoelectricity Biomass Urban waste Biogas 2008 4 = 1 a 3 22= 15 + 21 23 35 40 41 44 Electricity 6.6 2 444 703 475 571 1 970 751 -2 325 570 61 957 182 765 19 729

Energy Accounting Framework: Transformation What is the efficiency in producing electricity from urban waste in 2008? ValorSul 286 GWh Lipor 191 GWh ValorAmbiente 53 GWh What is the efficiency in producing electricity from coal? The information in the PEB is not detailed enough to answer this question ENERGETIC BALANCE TOE   Coal Oil Natural Gas Thermoelectricity Biomass Urban waste Biogas 2008 4 = 1 a 3 22= 15 + 21 23 35 40 41 44 Electricity 6.6 2 444 703 475 571 1 970 751 -2 325 570 61 957 182 765 19 729

Efficiency in Electricity Generation

Energy Accounting Framework: Transformation What is the total amount of thermoelectricity? How is it obtained?

Energy Accounting Framework: Transformation What is the total amount of thermoelectricity? How is it obtained? What is the total amount of electricity available for final consumption?

Energy Accounting Framework: Transformation What is the total amount of thermoelectricity? How is it obtained? What is the total amount of electricity available for final consumption?

Energy Accounting Framework: Transformation Energy Sector own consumption? Example: Oil Energy Sector Electric Energy Sector

Energy Accounting Framework: Transformation Energy Sector own consumption? Example: What is the meaning of this term? Oil Energy Sector Electric Energy Sector

Energy Accounting Framework: Transformation What is the energetic consumption of the electric sector in TOE?

The Portuguese Energetic Balance An energetic Balance is a matrix: Each type of fuel/energy vector is considered along the columns Each row captures the flow of energy ENERGETIC BALANCE TOE   Coal Oil Natural Gas Gases o Outros Derivados Electricity heat Industrial waste Other Renewables TOTAL 2008 4 = 1 a 3 22= 15 + 21 23 30 = 24 a 29 36 = 31 a 35 37 38 46 = 39 a 45 47=4+22+23+30+36+37+38+46 IMPORTS 1. 2 327 219 16 608 384 4 163 167 923 984 24 022 754 DOMESTIC PRODUCTION 2. 1 142 338 39 800 3 190 679 4 372 817 CHANGE IN "STOCKS" 3. - 223 603 315 673 5 960 - 837 97 193 OUTPUTS 4. 24 949 3 680 661 112 918 17 634 3 836 162 PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION 5. 2 525 873 12 612 050 4 157 207 1 953 404 3 173 882 24 462 216 FOR NEW ENERGY FORMS 6. 2 444 703 1 079 137 2 597 143 -2 810 996 -1 472 450 1 120 1 367 391 3 206 048 CONSUMPTION ENERGY SECTOR 7. 475 376 56 103 605 301 270 736 3 1 407 519 RAW MATERIAL CONSUMPTION 1 275 842 AVAILABLE FOR FINAL CONSUMPTION 8. 81 170 9 781 695 1 503 961 4 159 099 1 201 714 38 680 1 806 488 18 572 807 STATISTICAL DIFFERENCE 9. 9 851 - 47 340 - 1 382 12 279 - 38 580 FINAL CONSUMPTION 10. 71 319 9 829 035 1 505 343 4 159 087 1 806 209 18 611 387 AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES 10.1 358 801 3 359 87 218 2 366 21 451 765 EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES 10.2 66 103 8 444 49 882 30 844 4 155 277 TRANSFORMATION INDUSTRIES 10.3 1 085 788 1 027 157 1 340 009 1 154 293 615 382 5 332 628 CONSTRUCTION AND PUBLIC WORKS 10.4 576 210 5 063 50 490 631 784 TRANSPORTS 10.5 6 680 176 6 659 46 677 3 452 6 736 964 DOMESTIC SECTOR 10.6 552 680 300 190 1 157 672 1 180 750 3 191 292 SERVICES 10.7 509 277 154 471 1 427 139 14 211 6 579 2 111 677

Energy Accounting Framework: Consumption Summarizing the energy flow considered for each individual fuel or energy type

Energy Accounting Framework: Consumption Main flows considered in final consumption: Agriculture & Fisheries (2 sectors) Extractive Industries (1 sector) Transformation Industries Construction & Public Works Transports Domestic Sector (1 sector) Services (1 sector) Biomass consumption by the household sector is estimated based on surveys Alimentação, bebidas e tabaco Têxteis Papel e Artigos de Papel Químicas e Plásticos Cerâmicas Vidro e Artigos de Vidro Cimento Metalúrgicas Siderurgia Vestuário, Calçado e Curtumes Madeira e Artigos de Madeira Borracha Metálo-eletro-mecânicas Outras Industrias Transformadoras Example: BALANÇO ENERGÉTICO tep   Lenhas e Resíduos Vegetais 2008 40 CONSUMO FINAL 10. 1 741 469 AGRICULTURA E PESCAS 10.1 INDÚSTRIAS EXTRACTIVAS 10.2 INDÚSTRIAS TRANSFORMADORAS 10.3 580 456 CONSTRUÇÃO E OBRAS PÚBLICAS 10.4 TRANSPORTES 10.5 SECTOR DOMÉSTICO 10.6 1 161 013 SERVIÇOS 10.7 Aviação Nacionais 10.5.1 Transportes Marítimos Nacionais 10.5.2 Caminho de Ferro 10.5.3 Rodoviários 10.5.5

Exercise: Prepare the Energy Balance 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe

Exercise: Prepare the Energy Balance

Next week workgroup Please bring your computer (1 per group) for next week pratical classes!!!!