Psychosexual Development The development of the psyche: Personality develops in stages Progresses in stages as the libido (desire, sexual energy) is redirected to different parts of the body Fixation: Lack of resolution Excessive frustration or overindulgence (vs gratification) results in fixation Portion of libido remains invested

Psychosexual Development Psychosexual Stages Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital

1. Oral Stage -Crisis: Being weaned away from mother- 1. Oral Stage -Crisis: Being weaned away from mother- (pleasurable mouth stimulation and teething) Age Characteristics Types Birth – 1 Mouth is the primary erogenous zone Pleasure derived from sucking Id is dominant Oral incorporative: Excessive concern with oral activities Oral aggressive: Excessive pessimism & aggressiveness

Oral Stage (BIRTH TO 18 MONTHS) Theme Infants are driven to satisfy the drives of hunger and thirst Conflict Child must give up breast feeding Fixation Dependency Preoccupation with oral acquisition

2. Anal Stage -Crisis: Toilet training- Characteristics Types 18 Months – 3 years Anus is primary erogenous zone Toilet training interferes with gratification of defecating Anal retentive: Rigid, stubborn, stingy Anal aggressive/expulsive: Cruel, destructive, tantrums

Anal Stage (18 Months – 3 years) Theme: Child receives pleasure from relieving self of bodily waste Conflict: Child is “toilet trained” Fixation: Preoccupation with neatness Excessive “bathroom humor” “anal-retentive” and “anal-expulsive” characteristics (too critical and strict parenting and too lenient parenting)

Anal Stage (18 Months – 3 years) Fixation: Preoccupation with neatness, parsimony, order, organization… Adulthood obstinacy ‘I will go when I want’ Stinginess ‘I’ll keep it to myself’ Excessive “bathroom humor” Making messes of one’s and other’s lives “anal-retentive” and “anal-expulsive” characteristics (too critical and strict parenting and too lenient parenting)

3. Phallic Stage -most complex to dissolve- Conflıct: Characteristics Types 4-5 Genitals are primary erogenous zone Superego development Boys: Oedipus Complex Castration Anxiety Girls: Electra Complex Penis Envy Phallic Stage – 3 to 6 years Autoerotic – awakenin of sexual impulses Oedipus Complex

Phallic Stage Theme: Child gains pleasure through the genitals Oedipus Complex-Boys desire mother Castration anxiety Electra Complex-Girls suffer penis envy

Phallic Stage Conflict: Overt sexual behavior socially unacceptable Fixation: Vanity (excessive pride), narcissism, inability to love By age 6, good sense of gender identity

4. Latency Period No new developments – NO fixatıons Age Characteristics 5 – Puberty Not a true stage – period of rest, calm Sex instinct sublimated into school activities, hobbies, and sports Focus on same sex friendships Latency Period: 6 years to early teens Period of relative calm, no new developmental conflicts Ego and superego emerge Attention is focused on other pursuits (intellectual or social)

Latency Stage making frriends Theme: Psychosexual energy is channeled into academic and social pursuits Conflicts and fixations do not occur during this stage Freud failed to put focus on this important phase in life making frriends learning socialization Developing study habits etc

Adolescence – Adulthood 5. Genital Period Age Characteristics Adolescence – Adulthood Libidinal energy organized around the genitals Conforming to societal sanctions of sexual expression Finding satisfaction in love & work Focus committed adult relationships – warm and caring… Sublimation via focus on achievement at work Genital Stage: Late adolescence and adulthood Libidinal energy organized around the genitals (if earlier stages have been successfully negotiatied) Focus on mutual sexual gratification Develop the ability to share in warm and caring relationships and have concern for other’s welfare Demonstrate greater control over impulses

Genital Stage Theme: The individual gains satisfaction from mature sexual relationships This stage is achieved if a person makes it through the other stages with enough available sexual energy no strong fixations “normal” (conventional) adult sexuality is viewed as the healthy outcome