The Rise of Totalitarianism Chapter 28

“Roaring twenties” Flappers- Jazz music Harlem Renaissance Rejected old ways in favor of new, exciting freedom symbolized the rejection of the moral values and traditional values Science: Freud, Einstein

John T. Scopes Trial-1925 In the early 1900s, a Christian Fundamentalist movement swept rural areas. Scopes was tried in court for teaching evolution in the classroom His action broke the law that barred any teaching that went against the Bible’s version of creation. All the events in the Bible are literally true. Fundamentalism: strict adherence to the basic principles of any subject or discipline.

Great Depression Causes: Unequal distribution of income Overproduction of goods Less spending by American consumers

Kellogg-Brand Pact What: Renounced war as an instrument of national policy Why: Attempted to continue the spirit of the League of Nations How: Reduction of armed forces and weapon Many nations signed this pact, but nothing was done to enforce this pact.

Runaway Inflation in Germany Cause: In protest of the extreme reparations, the government printed huge quantities of money Effect: Money became worthless Many middle-class families saw their savings wiped out

Alliances form How: Japan, Italy, and Germany all defy the wishes of western democracies before 1937 Why: Each took aggressive action and seized other lands

Britain and France Britain favored relaxing the terms of the treaty towards Germany France insisted on imposing the harshest terms possible What does this mean for WW2? They will be on opposite sides during WW2

Fascism Any authoritarian government that is not communist, whose policies glorify the state over the individual and are destructive to basic human rights. Interests of the state come before the interests of the people

Benito Mussolini Italians were angry because they were not given lands promised to them after WW1 People were impatient with the democratic government Black Shirts: Party militants, rejected the democratic process in favor of violent action. Used intimidation and terror to oust elected officials Used secret police and propaganda to bolster the regime Critics were thrown into prison, forced into exile, or murdered Dictatorship upheld by terror How does he come to power?

Adolf Hitler He Blamed the current government (Weimar Republic) for signing the Treaty of Versailles (as well as Jews) Believed in extreme nationalism, racism and anti-Semitism Those of German Austrian descent felt they were superior to Jews, Serbs, Poles, and other groups Germans, he said, belonged to a superior “master race” of Aryans Nazi “storm-troopers” fought in the streets against political enemies In the Middle Ages Jews were persecuted for their different beliefs, The rise of Nationalism caused people to identify Jews as not only a different religion but as a separate race. Defined a Jew as anyone with 1 jewish grandparent.

Lebensraum Translates to “living space,” which referred to the idea that Germany needed more territories so the Germans could increase in population and control additional natural resources, both of which would increase German influence.

Prohibition in U.S: Ended 1933 Does it support or criticize Prohibition? (Support) Prohibition in U.S: Ended 1933