Chemical Bonding Lewis Dot Diagrams VSEPR

Ionic and Covalent bonding Most elements in compounds want to gain noble gas configuration. They will do so by either losing or gaining electrons or by sharing electrons Chemical bonds are classified into two types: Ionic bonding: metals react with nonmetals to form ionic compounds; these are formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another. Covalent bonding results from sharing one or more electron pairs between two atoms.

Lewis Dot Representations of Atoms or Lewis dot diagrams, Only the electrons in the outermost s and p orbitals are shown as dots.

We can use Lewis formulas to represent the neutral atoms and the ions they form.

underlying reasons for LiF formation 1s 2s 2p Li ­¯ ­ F ­¯ ­¯ ­¯­¯­ becomes Li+ ­¯ like [He] F- ­¯ ­¯ ­¯ ­¯ ­¯ like [Ne] Li+ ions have two electrons~ same number as helium F- ions contain ten electrons ~ same number as neon

The Octet Rule Representative elements achieve noble gas configurations in most of their compounds. Lewis dot formulas are based on the octet rule. H needs two electrons to have Helium's noble gas configuration, everything else wants 8

Lewis Dot Formulas for Molecules and Polyatomic Ions water, H2O ammonia molecule , NH3 ammonium ion , NH4+ hydrogen cyanide, HCN

VSEPR Theory Two regions of high electron density 7 7

VSEPR Theory Three regions of high electron density 8 8

VSEPR Theory Four regions of high electron density 9 9

VSEPR Theory Five regions of high electron density 10 10

VSEPR Theory Six regions of high electron density 11 11