FINANCIAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Explain how budgeting relates to financial planning Describe two kinds of financial reports prepared by businesses

Financial Management One reason small businesses fail is they do not manage their finances properly. A financial plan is an important part of a business plan. Businesses must manage the money they take in and pay out to become profitable and stay in business.

Financial Planning Profit – what is left over after expenses are paid Business Budget – a detailed plan for meeting the financial needs of the business Anticipating sources and amounts of income Predicting the types and amounts of expenses

Income(Revenue) – the money a business takes in or receives Most revenue or income comes from sales of products or services Credit – many sales not paid for 30 days or longer (is this still true?) Statement of Cash Flow – shows actual cash a business receives and has available on a daily basis Expenses – operating costs of the business Employee wages, benefits, advertising, rent, utilities, supplies, etc.

Budgeting Budget – a detailed plan for the financial needs of an individual, family, or business Business budget – projects the amounts of income and expenses; a financial forecast Well-prepared budget helps avoid costly financial mistakes Lets managers know how the business is doing in terms of meeting its financial goals

Types of Business Budgets Start-Up Budget – used to plan income and expenses from the beginning of a new business or major business expansion until it becomes profitable Purchase of buildings and equipment Material, supplies, licenses Advertising, hiring, payroll

Operating Budget – financial plan for the day-to-day operations of the business Covers a specific period of time (ex. 3 months, 6 months, or 1 year) Follows this equation: Revenue – Expenses = Profit (or Loss) All anticipated revenues and expenses are listed Planned net profit or loss is shown

Cash Budget – an estimate of the money expected to be received and paid out over a specific period of time Lets the manager know when to borrow Money must always be on hand to pay expenses Calculate the net profit or loss for the month for Galaxy Comic Books: (use equation) Cash sales - $3560 Charge sales - $1240 Other revenue - $165 Salaries - $2450 Advertising - $200 Rent - $550 Supplies - $120

Financial Records Show the financial performance of the business Used to prepare 2 important financial statements – Income Statement, Balance Sheet Asset records name the buildings and equipment owned by the business, their original and current value and amount owed Depreciation records identify the amount that assets have decreased in value due to age and use Inventory records identify the type and number of products on hand for sale Payroll records contain information on all employees’ compensation and benefits Cash records list all cash received and spent Records of accounts identify purchases made using credit Tax records show all taxes collected, owed, and paid

Income Statement A financial statement that shows revenues, expenses, and net income (profit) or loss for a period of time. Usually covers a period of 6 months or a year but may be shorter End-of-year statement shows how the business did for the entire year Basis for payment of taxes and decision- making

Balance Sheet A financial statement that lists a business’ assets (what a company owns) and liabilities (what a company owes) Shows what the business is worth on a particular date, usually the end of a year Shows owners equity (value of the owner’s investment in the business (also called net worth) Owner’s equity equation: Assets – Liabilities = Owner’s Equity

Overland Design Company Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2012 Revenue Cash Sales $ 38,200 Charge Sales 180,600 Other Revenue 12,900 $231,700 Expenses Salaries and Wages $ 70,800 Marketing 22,250 Administrative Costs 31,900 Materials and Supplies 24,800 Other Expenses 19,100 Total Expenses 168,850 Net Income $ 62,850

In a balance sheet, both sides of the statement must be in balance Right-hand side shows the total of liabilities and owner’s equity to show that they equal the value of the assets on the left-hand side Ex. Schribner’s Automotives, Inc. Balance Sheet December 31, 2012 ASSETS LIABILITIES Cash $35,850 Accounts Payable $103,300 Investments 40,000 Payroll Taxes 22,000 Accounts Receivable 42,375 Mortgage 126,800 Buildings/Equipment 370,000 TOTAL LIABITIES $252,100 Owner’s Equity $236,125 Total Assets $488,225 Total Liabilities and Owner’s Equity

Maintaining Financial Records Accuracy Current Technology use Data files transfer easily Software capabilities What-if comparisons Mathematical calculations Updates records Comparisons