By: Alex Taylor and Chrissy Anselmo Qing Dynasty By: Alex Taylor and Chrissy Anselmo

Topics Being Covered Who- Rise to power When- Dates Where- Map What- Key Information Religion Age of Prosperity Opium Wars War with Japan Boxer Rebellion Events of 1908 Events of 1912 Why- Significance Bibliography

Who & How Rise to Power: Succeeded the Ming dynasty in 1644 Li Zicheng captured Beijing Ming dynasty officials asked the Manchus for help → took advantage and seized the capital By adopting the Ming form of government and continuing to employ Ming officials, the Manchus pacified the Chinese population. ("Qing Dynasty | Chinese History”).

When 1644-1912 Succeeded Ming Dynasty and preceded the People’s Republic of China

Where This is a map of the Qing Empire in 1820. It consists of most of the land that makes up present day China. Similar to today, back in the 1800’s China was still a big country with a massive amount of land.

What Religion: the Qing emperors adopted the state doctrine of Confucianism as their official religion (Qing Dynasty 清 ). The sprawling Qufu complex was erected by the Qing Dynasty and is still a popular tourist site today (1).

what continued Age of Prosperity in beginning of empire (Four Great Inventions of the Ancient Chinese) Buildings & Emphasis on culture (art, architecture) Chinese agriculture was the most advanced of the world New fruits from the Americas helped the Chinese population to obtain a better nourishment Crops (tea, cotton, and sugarcane) that can be used in industrial agriculture (plantations) stimulated private entrepreneurship and employment Tax for the small peasants was the lowest of the whole history of China (Until 1770) The crafts and minor industries in the cities were equally much higher developed in China than in Europe (Tea, silk, porcelain → shipped to Europe) Long Period of Peace: Until the First Opium War, there were almost no military conflicts with foreign powers or inside the empire - a long period of peace. Tax for…: (The whole countryside during the mid-Qing period seemed to be blessed with a relative high living standard and an education system that allowed many wealthy peasants to learn the basics of reading and writing.) 1722 Kangxi becomes emperor (About 1661 - 1722 A.D.). The first emperor dies in 1661. His son, Kangxi, takes over at the age of seven. He reigns for 61 years, encouraging painting, porcelain making, and literature. He often tours his empire to make sure things are working smoothly. 1722 Yongzheng rules (1722 - 1735 A.D.). When Kangxi dies in 1722, his son Yongzheng takes the throne. He encourages learning, and even has a 10,000 chapter encyclopedia printed. 1736 Qianlong improves the empire (1736 - 1796 A.D.). Yongzheng's son, Qianlong, starts to reign in 1736. He brings the empire to its highest, increasing wealth through foreign trade. Rice production also increases during his time. His reign starts to weaken in his latter years as he is influenced by the flattery of a corrupt official.

what continued Buildings & Emphasis on culture (art, architecture) Chinese agriculture was the most advanced of the world New fruits from the Americas helped the Chinese population to obtain a better nourishment Crops (tea, cotton, and sugarcane) that can be used in industrial agriculture (plantations) stimulated private entrepreneurship and employment Tax for the small peasants was the lowest of the whole history of China (Until 1770) The crafts and minor industries in the cities were equally much higher developed in China than in Europe (Tea, silk, porcelain → shipped to Europe) Long Period of Peace: Until the First Opium War, there were almost no military conflicts with foreign powers or inside the empire - a long period of peace. Tax for…: (The whole countryside during the mid-Qing period seemed to be blessed with a relative high living standard and an education system that allowed many wealthy peasants to learn the basics of reading and writing.) 1722 Kangxi becomes emperor (About 1661 - 1722 A.D.). The first emperor dies in 1661. His son, Kangxi, takes over at the age of seven. He reigns for 61 years, encouraging painting, porcelain making, and literature. He often tours his empire to make sure things are working smoothly. 1722 Yongzheng rules (1722 - 1735 A.D.). When Kangxi dies in 1722, his son Yongzheng takes the throne. He encourages learning, and even has a 10,000 chapter encyclopedia printed. 1736 Qianlong improves the empire (1736 - 1796 A.D.). Yongzheng's son, Qianlong, starts to reign in 1736. He brings the empire to its highest, increasing wealth through foreign trade. Rice production also increases during his time. His reign starts to weaken in his latter years as he is influenced by the flattery of a corrupt official.

what continued Precursor to the first Opium War: Trade problems (New World Encyclopedia) First Opium War: (China Highlights) 1839: Commissioner is sent to Canton Burns some 20,000 chests of opium & bans all British trade England declares war The Qing cannot win → The Qing surrenders in 1842. The Treaty of Nanking ends the opium war. The Qing have to add more trading posts and they give up Hong Kong. Second Opium War: Britain & France vs China But when the British want to add more things to the treaty, the Qing refuses and the Second Opium War is fought. China loses again. Why? The British colony of India was smuggling opium into the country, causing a nationwide epidemic. Men walked the streets of China high, and by the end of 1830, almost 22,000 tons of opium had been smuggled into China (Four Great Inventions of the Ancient Chinese). Relations with neighbors: Before the 19th Century: China felt in control and unthreatened by other countries through the Emperor's Divine Right to “rule all under heaven”. After the 19th century, however, Europe expanded with colonies in Asia and in maritime trade. China did not feel the need to trade for European goods as theirs were the best, thus making them fall behind (2) (Around 1793 - 1838 A.D.) China wants their silks, tea, and ceramics to be paid for in silver, not in exchange for foreign goods. This works for some time until France and England are concerned about their supplies of silver. They come up with trading schemes, such as getting the Chinese addicted to opium. cannot win against British battleships and their newer guns.

what continued War with Japan (1894 - 1895)(“Qing Dynasty Timeline”) Japan and China both want to control Korea After some conflicts, they start fighting The Japanese easily defeat China The Qing realize they need to make some improvements in how they defend themselves Boxer Rebellion 1900 (“Qing Dynasty Timeline”) Society of Harmonious Fists (group of rebels known as boxers): not happy with the amount of foreigners in China They try to kick out the foreigners Put down by European powers protecting their interests & Empress Dowager Cixi flees Japanese: for the past 30 years have learned modern fighting techniques Foreign missions are burned and Chinese Christians are killed.

what continued 1908 (“Qing Dynasty Timeline”) Sun Yat-sen wants to unify China with a democratic, representative government In 1911 the government is overthrown and Sun is elected provisional president of the new republic of China. 1912 (“Qing Dynasty Timeline”) Sun Yat-sen steps down → Yuan Shikai, a former general, become president The last emperor, Puyi, abdicated in 1912 Create The People’s Republic of China He has tried to organize a secret revolutionary group years before, but with no success. He is six years old.

Why- Significance Formed Territorial base for modern day China Even though they were run by the Manchu clan, who were not well liked, they still ran a prosperous country ("Qing Dynasty | Chinese History). They were the last Dynasty in Imperial China China was not conquered during the European Age of Expansion because of their strong willed Emperors who refused to conform to the European ways of life ("Qing Dynasty | Chinese History) Lasting less than 300 years, the Qing dynasty had made vast improvements to the economy of China, but failed to bring about needed changes to help the country enter into the modern world

works cited "Qing Dynasty 清 (1644-1911) Religion and Culture" Qing Dynasty 清 (1644-1911) Religion and Culture. Ulrich Theobald, n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2016. “Qing Dynasty.” New World Encyclopedia. New World Encyclopedia, 18 June 2015. Web. 27 Feb. 2016. "Four Great Inventions of the Ancient Chinese." Chinese Culture Shop. N.p., 03 June 2015. Web. 28 Feb. 2016. "The Qing Dynasty." China Highlights. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2016. "Qing Dynasty | Chinese History." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2016. "Qing Dynasty Timeline." Qing Dynasty Timeline. Softschools.com, 2005. Web. 28 Feb. 2016.