Congenital lesions of larynx Congenital stridor common in infants causes：laryngeal cartilages hypoplasia calciumdeficiency---laryngeal chondromalacia symptoms：1）three depressions sign 2）wheeze treatment ：1）symptom-free ，no particular treatment---take in more calcium and cod liver oil 2）side-lying 3）tracheotomy
laryngeal web
laryngomalacia
Inflammatory diseases of the larynx Acute epiglottitis A common disease, often misdiagnosed, can cause dyspnea and threaten patient’s life causes：bacterial or viral infection, allergy, foreign body, trauma, inspiration of chemicals, spread of inflammation from pharyngitis
Inflammatory diseases of the larynx Acute epiglottitis symptoms：acute onset, high fever, sore throat, dysphagia, unclear articulation, dynpnea
Inflammatory diseases of the larynx Acute epiglottitis exam：oropharynx is normal, congestion and edema of the epiglottis, difficult to explore the vocal cords
Acute epiglottitis
Inflammatory diseases of the larynx Acute epiglottitis treatment： systemic administration of antibiotics and corticosteroid. tracheotomy if necessary incise the epiglottic abscess if it is formed
Inflammatory diseases of the larynx Acute laryngitis causes：infection, vocal overuse, inhalation of toxic gas symptoms：hoarseness, sore throat, cough
Inflammatory diseases of the larynx Acute laryngitis exam：diffused congestion and edema of the vocal cords treatment：vocal rest, nebulization therapy with antibiotics, steroid and traditional Chinese medicines
Inflammatory diseases of the larynx Acute laryngitis in children Often occurred in children from 6m~3y causes：caused by infectious diseases or upper respiratory tract infection
Inflammatory diseases of the larynx Acute laryngitis in children symptoms：cough，Three-concave sign, inspiratory dyspnea, fever and restlessness exam：congestion and edema of laryngeal mucosa, especially subglottic mucosa
Inflammatory diseases of the larynx Acute laryngitis in children differential diagnosis：glottic spasm, foreign body of respiratory tract, diphtheria treatment： antibiotic and steroid tracheotomy if necessary supporting treatment
Inflammatory diseases of the larynx Chronic laryngitis causes：occupational（teachers, shop employees chronic inflammation of nose, sinus and pharynx acute laryngitis lower respiratory tract infection long term inspiration of toxic gas
Inflammatory diseases of the larynx Chronic laryngitis symptoms：repeated hoarseness, discomfort and foreign body sensation of the throat exam：chronic congestion of laryngeal mucosa with mild edema, VC hypertrophy or atrophy treatment:etiological treatment, traditional Chinese medicine
Inflammatory diseases of the larynx Vocal nodules & polyps causes：vocal overuse and abuse symptom：hoarseness exam: laryngoscopic examination
Vocal nodules and polyps
Inflammatory diseases of the larynx treatment： complete vocal rest and nebulization therapy surgery：under direct laryngoscope, fiberscope and microscope